نسل کش عصمت دری

نسل کش عصمت دری جنگ دے وقت جنسی تشدد د‏‏ی اک شکل، اک گروہ د‏‏ی کارروائی اے جس نے نسل کشی د‏‏ی مہم دے اک حصے دے طور اُتے جنگ دے دوران اپنے دشمن دے خلاف اجتماعی عصمت دری تے اجتماعی جنسی تشدد د‏‏ی کارروائیاں کیتیاں نيں۔ ^[۱] آرمینی نسل کشی دے دوران، ^[۲] یونانی نسل کشی، ^[۳]^[۴]^[۵] آشوری نسل کشی، ^[۶]^[۷] دوسری چین-جاپان جنگ، مرگ انبوہ، ^[۸] بنگلہ دیش د‏‏ی نسل کشی، ^[۹]^[۱۰]^[۱۱]^[۱۲] ^[۱۳] بوسنیائی جنگ، ^[۱۳] روانڈیائی نسل کشی، ^[۱۰]^[۱۴] تمل نسل کشی، ^[۱۵] چرکسی نسل کشی، ^[۱۶] کانگو دے تنازعات، جنوبی سوڈانی خانہ جنگی، یزیدی نسل کشی، تے روہنگیا نسل کشی وچ اجتماعی عصمت دری جو انہاں تنازعات دا اک لازمی حصہ سی، نے نسل کشی دے عصمت دری دے تصور نو‏‏ں بین الاقوامی سطح اُتے نمایاں کيتا۔ ^[۱۷] بھانويں جنگی عصمت دری پوری انسانی تریخ وچ تنازعات وچ اک بار بار ہوݨ والی خصوصیت رہی اے، لیکن اسنو‏ں عام طور اُتے تنازعات د‏‏ی ضمنی پیداوا‏‏ر دے طور اُتے دیکھیا جاندا اے نہ کہ فوجی پالیسی دا اک لازمی حصہ نيں۔ ^[۱۷]

حوالے

↑ Totten & Bartrop 2007, pp. 159–160.
↑ Barsoumian, Nanore (2011-12-07). "'Devilish Marks' and Rape in the Time of Genocide" (in en-US). https://armenianweekly.com/2011/12/07/devilish-marks/.
↑ (2017) "Background to the Late Ottoman Genocides", Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923. Berghahn Books, 55. ISBN 978-1-78533-433-7. “...deadly bands of çetes (organized brigands), especially those led by Topal Osman, had been engaged in continuous shooting, plundering, and raping of the defenseless Greek villagers in the Pontus region. With Kemal's support, they stepped up their campaign with the objective of clearing the Greeks from the region by massacring the Greek population in cities such as Trebizond, Amasya, Pafra, Merzifon, and many others.”
↑ Morris & Ze'evi 2019, p. 390.
↑ Morris & Ze'evi 2019, p. 499.
↑ Gaunt, Atto & Barthoma 2017, p. 47.
↑ Yacoub 2016, p. 42.
↑ Sexual Violence in the Holocaust: Perspectives from Ghettos and Camps in Ukraine | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Kyiv – Ukraine at ua.boell.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
↑ Sharlach 2000, pp. 92–93.
1 2 Sajjad 2012, p. 225.
↑ Ghadbian 2002, p. 111.
↑ Mookherjee 2012, p. 68.
1 2 Hayden, Robert M. (2000). "Rape and Rape Avoidance in Ethno-National Conflicts: Sexual Violence in Liminalized States". American Anthropologist 102 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1525/aa.2000.102.1.27. https://www.jstor.org/stable/683536.
↑ Sharlach 2000, p. 90.
↑ Sri Lanka: Rape of Tamil Detainees | Human Rights Watch at www.hrw.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived 2013-02-26)
↑ Miller 2009, p. 53.
1 2 Fisher 1996, pp. 91–133.

کتابیات

Allen, Beverly (1996). Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-2818-6.
Askin, Kelly Dawn (1997). War Crimes Against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-411-0486-1.
Bisaz, Corsin (2012). The Concept of Group Rights in International Law: Groups as Contested Right-Holders, Subjects and Legal Persons. Martinus Nijhoff. ISBN 978-9004228702.
Brownmiller, Susan (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-449-90820-4.
Card, Claudia (2008). "The Paradox of Genocidal Rape Aimed at Enforced Pregnancy". The Southern Journal of Philosophy S1 (46): 176–189. doi:10.1111/j.2041-6962.2008.tb00162.x.
De Brouwer, Anne-Marie (2010). "Introduction", in Anne-Marie De Brouwer, Sandra Ka Hon Chu: The Men Who Killed Me: Rwandan Survivors of Sexual Violence. Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-310-3.
Derderian, Katharine (2005). "Common fate, different experience: gender-specific aspects of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 19 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci001. PMID 20684092.
Eftekhari, Shiva (2004). Rwanda, Struggling to Survive: Barriers to Justice for Rape Victims in Rwanda. Human Rights Watch.
Fielding, Leila (2012). Female Génocidaires: What was the Nature and Motivations for Hutu Female. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-656-32440-9.
Fisher, Siobhán K. (1996). "Occupation of the Womb: Forced Impregnation as Genocide". Duke Law Journal 46 (1): 91–133. doi:10.2307/1372967. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol46/iss1/4.
(2017) Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78533-499-3.
Ghadbian, Najib (2002). "Political Islam: Inclusion or violence?", Violence and Politics: Globalization's Paradox. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93111-3.
Joeden-Forgey, Elisa Von (2010). "Gender and Genocide", in Donald Bloxham, A. Dirk Moses: The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923211-6.
Jones, Adam (2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35384-7.
(2009) "Sexual Violence during War and Forced Migration", in Susan Forbes Martin, John Tirman: Women, Migration, and Conflict: Breaking a Deadly Cycle. Springer, 173–199. ISBN 978-9048128242.
Miller, Sarah Clark (2009). "Atrocity, Harm, and resistance", in Andrea Veltman, Kathryn Norlock: Evil, Political Violence, and Forgiveness: Essays in Honor of Claudia Card. Lexington, 53–76. ISBN 978-0-7391-3650-8.
MacKinnon, Catharine A. (2006). "Genocide Rape Is Different Than War Rape". Center on Law & Globalization. http://clg.portalxm.com/library/keytext.cfm?keytext_id=181.

(اپریل 24, 2019) The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of its Christian Minorities. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-91645-6.
Mookherjee, Nayanika (2012). "Mass rape and the inscription of gendered and racial domination during the Bangladesh War of 1971", Rape in Wartime. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-36399-1.
(2012) "Rape as a Weapon of War and Genocide", Terrorism and Violent Conflict: Women's Agency, Leadership, and Responses. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4614-5640-7.
Riedel, Bruce O. (2011). Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad. Brookings Institution. ISBN 978-0-8157-0557-4.
Rothe, Dawn (2009). State Criminality: The Crime of All Crimes. Lexington. ISBN 978-0-7391-2672-1.
Ruby Reid-Cunningham, Allison (2008). "Rape as a Weapon of Genocide". Genocide Studies and Prevention 3 (3): 279–296. doi:10.3138/gsp.3.3.279.
Russell-Brown, Sherrie L. (2003). "Rape as an Act of Genocide". Berkeley Journal of International Law 21 (2). http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1241&context=bjil. Archived 2017-09-03 at the وے بیک مشین
Saikia, Yasmin (2011b). "War as history, humanity in violence: Women, men and memories of 1971, East Pakistan/Bangladesh", Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones: From the Ancient World to the Era of Human Rights. University of Pennsylvania Press, 152–170. ISBN 978-0-8122-4318-5.
Sajjad, Tazreena (2012). "The Post-Genocidal Period and its Impact on Women", in Samuel Totten: Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide, Reprint, Transaction, 219–248. ISBN 978-1-4128-4759-9.
Schott, Robin مئی (2011). "War rape, natality and genocide". Journal of Genocide Research 13 (1–2): 5–21. doi:10.1080/14623528.2011.559111. PMID 21941691.
Sharlach, Lisa (2000). "Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda". New Political Science 1 (22): 89–102. doi:10.1080/713687893.
Smith, Roger W. (2013). "Genocide and the Politics of Rape", in Joyce Apsel, Ernesto Verdeja: Genocide Matters: Ongoing Issues and Emerging Perspectives. Routledge, 82–105. ISBN 978-0-415-81496-6.
Smith-Spark, Laura (8 دسمبر 2004). "How did rape become a weapon of war?". British Broadcasting Corporation. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/4078677.stm.

(2007) Dictionary of Genocide. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32967-8.
Vetlesen, Arne Johan (2005). Evil and Human Agency: Understanding Collective Evildoing. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67357-0.
(2016) Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide : a History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-063346-2.

سانچہ:موضوعات نسل کشی

[FOOTNOTETottenBartrop2007159–160-1] Totten & Bartrop 2007, pp. 159–160.

[2] Barsoumian, Nanore (2011-12-07). "'Devilish Marks' and Rape in the Time of Genocide" (in en-US). https://armenianweekly.com/2011/12/07/devilish-marks/.

[Shirinian-3] (2017) "Background to the Late Ottoman Genocides", Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923. Berghahn Books, 55. ISBN 978-1-78533-433-7. “...deadly bands of çetes (organized brigands), especially those led by Topal Osman, had been engaged in continuous shooting, plundering, and raping of the defenseless Greek villagers in the Pontus region. With Kemal's support, they stepped up their campaign with the objective of clearing the Greeks from the region by massacring the Greek population in cities such as Trebizond, Amasya, Pafra, Merzifon, and many others.”

[FOOTNOTEMorrisZe'evi2019390-4] Morris & Ze'evi 2019, p. 390.

[FOOTNOTEMorrisZe'evi2019499-5] Morris & Ze'evi 2019, p. 499.

[FOOTNOTEGauntAttoBarthoma201747-6] Gaunt, Atto & Barthoma 2017, p. 47.

[FOOTNOTEYacoub201642-7] Yacoub 2016, p. 42.

[8] Sexual Violence in the Holocaust: Perspectives from Ghettos and Camps in Ukraine | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Kyiv – Ukraine at ua.boell.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])

[FOOTNOTESharlach200092–93-9] Sharlach 2000, pp. 92–93.

[FOOTNOTESajjad2012225-10] 1 2 Sajjad 2012, p. 225.

[FOOTNOTEGhadbian2002111-11] Ghadbian 2002, p. 111.

[FOOTNOTEMookherjee201268-12] Mookherjee 2012, p. 68.

[urlRape_and_Rape_Avoidance_in_Ethno-National_Conflicts:_Sexual_Violence_in_Liminalized_States_on_JSTOR-13] 1 2 Hayden, Robert M. (2000). "Rape and Rape Avoidance in Ethno-National Conflicts: Sexual Violence in Liminalized States". American Anthropologist 102 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1525/aa.2000.102.1.27. https://www.jstor.org/stable/683536.

[FOOTNOTESharlach200090-14] Sharlach 2000, p. 90.

[15] Sri Lanka: Rape of Tamil Detainees | Human Rights Watch at www.hrw.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived 2013-02-26)

[FOOTNOTEMiller200953-16] Miller 2009, p. 53.

[FOOTNOTEFisher199691–133-17] 1 2 Fisher 1996, pp. 91–133.

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

[۴]

[۵]

[۶]

[۷]

[۸]

[۹]

[۱۰]

[۱۱]

[۱۲]

[۱۳]

[۱۴]

[۱۵]

[۱۶]

[۱۷]