لایہی (جنگجو گروپ)
| لایہی
| |
|---|---|
 لایہی علامت[۱] | |
| سرگرم | 1940–1948 |
| دیس | یشیؤ، انتداب فلسطین |
| فسم | صیہونی نیم فوجی
|
| خاتمہ | May 28 1948 |
لایہی (انگریزی: Lehi) جسنوں اکثر اسٹرن گینگ (Stern Gang) دے ناں توں جانیا جاندا اے،[۲][۳][۴][۵] ایہ اک صہیونی نیم فوجی تنظیم سی جس دی بنیاد انتداب فلسطین وچ ابرام اسٹرن ( Avraham Stern) نے رکھی سی۔[۶][۷] اس دا منقول مقصد ایہ سی کہ برطانوی حکام نوں فلسطینیاں توں جبری طور اُتے بے دخل کيتا جائے، یہودیاں دی غیر منظم امیگریشن تے یہودی ریاست دے قیام دی اجازت دتی جائے، جو اک "نويں مطلق العنان عبرانی جمہوریہ" سی۔ [۸] اسنوں ابتدا وچ اسرائیل وچ قومی فوجی تنظیم کہیا جاندا سی، [۹] اگست 1940 وچ قائم ہونے دے بعد، لیکن اک ماہ بعد اس دا ناں لایہی رکھ دتا گیا۔[۱۰] اس گروپ نے اپنے ممبراں نوں دہشت گرد دسیا[۱۱] تے دہشت گرد حملےآں دا استعمال کرنے دا اعتراف کيتا اے۔[۱۲][۱۳][۱۴]
حوالے
[سودھو]- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "This group was known to its friends as LEHI and to its enemies as the Stern Gang." Blumberg, Arnold. History of Israel, Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1998. p 106.
- ↑ "calling themselves Lohamei Herut Yisrael (LHI) or, less generously, the Stern Gang." Lozowick, Yaacov. Right to Exist : A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars. Westminster, MD, USA: Doubleday Publishing, 2003. p 78.
- ↑ "It ended in a split with Stern leading his own group out of the Irgun. This was known pejoratively by the British as "the Stern Gang' – later as Lehi" Shindler, Colin. Triumph of Military Zionism : Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right. London, GBR: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2005. p 218.
- ↑ "Known by their Hebrew acronym as LEHI they were more familiar, not to say notorious, to the rest of the world as the Stern Gang – a ferociously effective and murderous terrorist group fighting to end British rule in Palestine and establish a Jewish state." Cesarani, David. Major Faran's Hat: Murder, Scandal and Britain's War Against Jewish Terrorism, 1945–1948. London. Vintage Books. 2010. p 01.
- ↑ "Definition of Stern Gang in English:"۔ lexico.com۔ ۲۵ مئی ۲۰۲۰ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- ↑ "ELIAHU AMIKAM Stern Gang Leader" (Free Preview; full article requires payment.).واشنگٹن پوسٹ . 16 August 1995. pp. D5. Retrieved 18 November 2008. The [AMIKAM] Stern Gang – known in Hebrew as Lehi, an acronym for Israel Freedom Fighters – was the most militant of the pre-state underground groups.
- ↑ Shindler, Colin. (2005). The Triumph of Military Zionism : Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right.. London: I.B. Tauris & Co, I.B.Tauris, 2009 p.218:'Stern devotedly believed that 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend' so he approached Nazi Germany. With German armies at the gates of Palestine, he offered co-operation and an alliance with a new totalitarian Hebrew republic.'. ISBN 978-0-85771-754-2. OCLC 710975929.
- ↑ Laqueur, Walter, 1921–2018. (2003). A history of Zionism, European Jewish Publications Society., 3rd ed, London: Tauris Parke, pp. 377. ISBN 978-0-85771-325-4. OCLC 842932838.
- ↑ Nachman Ben-Yehuda. The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin University Press, 1995. Pp. 322.
- ↑ Calder Walton (2008). "British Intelligence and the Mandate of Palestine: Threats to British national security immediately after the Second World War". Intelligence and National Security. 23 (4): 435–462. doi:10.1080/02684520802293049.
- ↑ He Khazit (underground publication of Lehi), Issue 2, August 1943. No author is stated, as was usual for this publication. Translated from original. For a discussion of this article, see Heller, p. 115
- ↑ Perliger, Arie (2006). Middle Eastern Terrorism (in en). Infobase Publishing, pp.37: "Lehi viewed acts of terrorism as legitimate tools in the realization of the vision of the Jewish nation and a necessary condition for national liberation.". ISBN 978-1-4381-0719-6.
- ↑ Rosenfeld, Jean E. (2010-12-13). Terrorism, Identity, and Legitimacy: The Four Waves Theory and Political Violence (in en). Routledge, pp.161 n.7:'Lehi … was the last group to identify itself as a terrorist one'. ISBN 978-1-136-84867-4.