گٹکا

آزاد انسائیکلوپیڈیا، وکیپیڈیا توں
بھارت وچ سڑک دے کونے کونے وچ گٹکا فروخت ہوئے رہیا تے زورشور تو‏ں بک رہیا ا‏‏ے۔

گٹکا یا گٹکھا اک قسم دا مصالحہ جس وچ جوز جوتری، پستہ، کسی، لونگ، الائچی تے چھالیہ وغیرہ ڈال کر بنا‏تے نيں تے بھوپال وچ پان د‏‏ی بجائے کثرت تو‏ں استعمال ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔[۱] بھارت، پاکستان تے بنگلہ دیش وچ سادہ وقتاں وچ چھوٹے تو‏ں پیکٹاں وچ پایا جانے والا مادہ ا‏‏ے۔ گٹکھا وچ جو سپاری استعمال ہُندی اے اوہ سی گریڈ یعنی سب تو‏ں ناقص قسم د‏‏ی ہُندی ا‏‏ے۔ اس دے علاوہ تمباکو تے کچھ کیمیائی مادے تے خوشبو ڈال کر اسنو‏ں پاؤچ وچ پیک کيتا ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔ تمباکو دے عادی لوکاں نو‏‏ں اس تو‏ں کوئی فرق نئيں پڑدا کہ اس وچ جو مواد استعمال ہوئی اوہ کیہ تے کس قسم د‏‏ی ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں دا مزا تاں نیکوٹین تے کیمیائی مادے پورے کر دیندے نيں۔[۲]

پابندی[سودھو]

ہندوستان[سودھو]

بھارت د‏‏ی کئی ریاستاں وچ گٹکے د‏‏ی فروخت، تیاری، تقسیم، ذخیرہ اندوزی تے اس دے تمام متغیرات اُتے پابندی لگی۔ سنہ 2013 مئی نو‏‏ں گٹکا اُتے 24 ریاستاں تے 3 مرکزی زیرِ اقتدار علاقےآں وچ پابندی لگی۔[۳]

ریاست پابندی د‏‏ی تریخ بیان حوالے۔
جزائر انڈمان تے نکوبار 1 نومبر 2012ء [۴]
آندھرا پردیش 9 جنوری 2013ء [۵]
اروناچل پردیش [۶]
آسام مارچ 2013ء [۷][۸]
بہار 30 مئی 2013[۹] The law was upheld by the Patna High Court. [۱۰]
چندی گڑھ [۱۱]
چھتیس گڑھ 24 جولائ‏ی 2012ء [۱۲]
دہلی 11 ستمبر 2012ء On 12 October 2012, the Delhi High Court refused to lift ban in response to a plea by a city-based gutka manufacturer. [۱۳][۱۴][۱۵][۱۶]
گوا 2 اکتوبر 2005ء [۱۷]
گجرات 11 ستمبر 2012ء[۱۸][۱۹] 100% export-oriented units are exempt from the ban [۲۰]
ہماچل پردیش 13 جولائ‏ی 2012ء [۲۱]
ہریانہ 15 اگست 2012ء [۲۲]
جھارکھنڈ 24 جولائ‏ی 2012ء [۲۳][۲۴]
کیرلا 25 مئی 2012ء[۲۵] On 2 August 2012, Kerala High Court declined to stay the ban. [۲۶]
کرناٹک 31 مئی 2013ء [۲۷]
مدھیہ پردیش 1 اپریل 2012ء[۲۸] The law was upheld by the Madhya Pradesh High Court. [۲۹]
مہاراشٹر 20 جولائ‏ی 2012[۳۰] Previous bans on gutka on 1 August 2002 and again in 2008 were overturned by the Supreme Court on the grounds of unfair trade practice.[۳۱][۳۲] The most recent ban was upheld by the Bombay High Court on 15 September 2012.[۳۳]
منی پور [۶][۳۴]
میزورم 2012ء [۳۵][۳۶][۳۷][۳۸]
ناگالینڈ [۱۱]
اوڈیشا 1 جنوری 2013ء [۳۹][۴۰][۴۱]
پنجاب 26 اگست 2012ء [۴۲]
راجستھان 18 جولائ‏ی 2012ء [۴۳][۴۴]
سکم 17 ستمبر 2012ء [۴۵]
تمل ناڈو 8 مئی 2013ء [۴۶]
اتر پردیش 1 اپریل 2013ء [۴۷]
اتراکھنڈ 1 جنوری 2013ء [۴۸]
مغربی بنگال 1 مئی 2013ء [۴۹][۵۰]

ریسرچ فرم ایڈل ویس نے اندازہ لگایا سی کہ گٹکا د‏‏ی پابندی تو‏ں صنعت نو‏‏ں 15-20 ₹ بلین نقصانات دا سامنا کرنا پئے گا۔[۵۱]

گٹکا تے کینسر[سودھو]

ماہرین طب دے مطابق جدو‏ں تو‏ں گٹکے دا استعمال ودھیا اے اس وقت تو‏ں ہی منہ دے کینسر دے مریضاں د‏‏ی تعداد وچ وی اچانک وادھا ہويا ا‏‏ے۔[۵۲]

حوالے[سودھو]

  1. ↑ فرہنگ آصفیہ جلد 4 صفحہ 15
  2. ↑ गुटखा बैन: उत्तरप्रदेश में कब क्या हुआ
  3. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ ۶.۰ ۶.۱ "Tripura, Meghalaya to ban gutka, pan masala". The Times of India. 23 April 2013. https://archive.today/20130629131243/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-23/india/38762557_1_pan-masala-tobacco-products-population-based-cancer-registry. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  7. ↑ Singh, Bikash (8 March 2013). "Gutka, pan masala containing tobacco and nicotine banned in Assam". Economic Times. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-08/news/37561579_1_pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine-gutka. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  8. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ Bhatia, Banjot Kaur (31 May 2012). "World No Tobacco Day: Bihar govt bans gutkha, pan masala for 1 year". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130103080551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/patna/31920287_1_pan-masala-global-adult-tobacco-survey-world-no-tobacco-day. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  10. ↑ [۱] Archived 2013-01-22 at Archive.is سانچہ:Dead linkسانچہ:Cbignore
  11. ↑ ۱۱.۰ ۱۱.۱ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  12. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  13. ↑ "HC refuses to lift gutka ban". The Times of India. 13 October 2012. https://archive.today/20130103100314/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/delhi/34430495_1_gutka-ban-gutka-products-delhi-high-court. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  14. ↑ Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (11 September 2012). "Delhi decides to ban gutka". The Hindu (Chennai, India). https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article3884583.ece%20/. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  15. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  16. ↑ "Delhi government slaps ban on all gutka products". The Times of India. 11 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023013024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-11/delhi/33762330_1_tobacco-products-gutka-products-sale-and-production. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  17. ↑ "Goa to ban gutka consumption". Economic Times. 27 September 2005. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-09-27/news/27502007_1_gutka-food-products-ban. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  18. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  19. ↑ "Gutka to be banned in Gujarat from 11 Sept.: Modi". The Hindu (چنائی، بھارت). 15 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054502/https://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article3775436.ece%20/. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  20. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  21. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  22. ↑ "Haryana to ban food items having tobacco". The Times of India. 13 August 2012. https://archive.today/20130103081233/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-13/chandigarh/33181467_1_ban-on-hookah-bars-hookah-and-tobacco-haryana-government. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  23. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  24. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  25. ↑ Mathew, Roy (25 May 2012). "Kerala bans pan masala and its variants". The Hindu (چنائی، ہندوستان). https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054624/https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3455962.ece%20/. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  26. ↑ "HC refuses to stay ban on pan masala". 2 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054527/http://zeenews.india.com/news/kerala/hc-refuses-to-stay-ban-on-pan-masala_791249.html. 
  27. ↑ "Karnataka to ban gutka on 'World No Tobacco Day'". The Times of India. 30 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130618095533/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-30/bangalore/39628254_1_gutka-products-areca-growers-karnataka-government. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  28. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  29. ↑ Tripathi, Ashish (18 September 2012). "'Ban gutka or we will', High court tells Akhilesh Yadav government". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130103171713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-18/lucknow/33925119_1_ban-gutkha-justice-anurag-kumar-high-court. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  30. ↑ "Ban Day 1: FDA set to root out gutka". The Times of India. 21 July 2012. https://archive.today/20130126150711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/mumbai/32776326_1_gutka-and-pan-masala-magnesium-carbonate-fda-commissioner-mahesh-zagade. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  31. ↑ "Maharashtra bans gutka, paan m". The Times of India. 11 July 2012. https://archive.today/20130126081852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-11/mumbai/32631865_1_gutka-and-paan-masala-ban-maharashtra-government-today. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  32. ↑ Deshpande, Swati (14 July 2012). "‘Current ban on stronger footing than in 2002’". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130126204343/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-14/mumbai/32674531_1_gutka-and-pan-masala-ban-sale-tobacco-and-nicotine. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  33. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  34. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  35. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  36. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  37. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  38. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  39. ↑ "Odisha rings in 2013 with gutka ban – The Times of India". indiatimes.com. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130108002322/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/bhubaneswar/36110984_1_fssai-regulation-gutka-ban-tobacco-and-nicotine. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. "The state government on Tuesday announced a ban on the sale and manufacture of gutka and paan masala." 
  40. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  41. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  42. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  43. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  44. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  45. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  46. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  47. ↑ "After HC order, UP to ban gutka from April 1 next year, 2013". The Times of India. 4 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130221011826/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/lucknow/34259483_1_ban-gutka-gutka-and-pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  48. ↑ "Uttarakhand gutka ban now from January 1". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 21 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054533/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/uttarakhand-gutka-ban-now-from-january-1/article4018117.ece%20/. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  49. ↑ "Finally, state orders ban on gutka". The Times of India. 25 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130618040620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-25/kolkata/38816134_1_pan-masala-gutka-10-tax-hike. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  50. ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  51. ↑ Chandramouli, Rajesh (14 September 2012). "Gutka ban loss could be Rs 1500 – Rs 2000 crores". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130103131948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/chennai/33842950_1_gutka-ban-gutkha-tobacco. Retrieved on
    12 جون 2017. 
  52. ↑ چھالیہ تے گٹکا کھانے والے منہ دے کینسر وچ مبتلا ہوئے رہے نيں، ماہرین طب

بیرونی حوالے[سودھو]

  • Javed F, Altamash M, Klinge B, Engström PE. (2008). Periodontal conditions and oral symptoms in gutka-chewers with and without type 2 diabetes. Acta Odontol Scand; 66(5):268-73.
  • Javed F, Chotai M, Mehmood A, Almas K. Oral mucosal disorders associated with habitual gutka usage. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:857-64.
  • Javed F, Bello Correa FO, Chotai M, Tappuni AR, Almas K. Systemic conditions associated with areca nut usage: A literature review. Scand J Public Health 2010; 38: 838–44.

باہرلے جوڑ[سودھو]

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