قات
قات (Khat یا Qat) (عربی: قات) [۱] قرن افریقہ تے جزیرہ نما عرب دا اک مقامی پھُل دار پودا اے۔ انہاں علاقےآں دے لوکاں وچ قات چبانے دی تریخ ہزاراں سال پرانی اے۔[۲]
ضابطہ
[سودھو]1980 وچ عالمی ادارہ صحت قات دی درجہ بندی اک نشہ آور پودے دے طور اُتے دی (تمباکو یا شراب توں کم) "[۳]
افریقہ
[سودھو]ایتھوپیتا
[سودھو]قانونی - ایتھوپیتا۔[۴]
صومالیہ
[سودھو]قانونی - صومالیہ۔<[۴]
جبوتی
[سودھو]قانونی - جبونتی۔[۵]
کینیا
[سودھو]قانونی - کینیا۔[۶]
جنوبی افریقہ
[سودھو]جنوبی افریقہ وچ ، قات اک محفوظ درخت اے۔[۷]
ایشیا
[سودھو]چین
[سودھو]اسرائیل
[سودھو]بنیادی طور اُتے یمنی یہودی استعمال کردے نيں۔
ملائشیا
[سودھو]غیر قانونی - ملائشیا۔
سعودی عرب
[سودھو]غیر قانونی - سعودی عرب۔[۹]
يمن
[سودھو]قانونی - يمن۔<[۴]
یورپ
[سودھو]فنلینڈ
[سودھو]غیر قانونی [۱۰]
فرانس
[سودھو]ممنوع [۱۱]
جرمنی
[سودھو]غیر قانونی
آئس لینڈ
[سودھو]جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ
[سودھو]ممنوع
نیدرلینڈز
[سودھو]ناروے
[سودھو]غیر قانونی [۱۷]
پولینڈ
[سودھو]غیر قانونی [۱۸]
برطانیہ
[سودھو]غیر قانونی [۱۹][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳][۲۴][۲۵][۲۶][۲۷][۲۸][۲۹][۳۰][۳۱][۳۲]
شمالی امریکا
[سودھو]کینیڈا
[سودھو]ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا
[سودھو]جنوبی امریکا
[سودھو]جنوبی امریکا وچ قات دے بارے وچ کوئی قانون نئيں اے
اوقیانوسیہ
[سودھو]آسٹریلیا
[سودھو]قات دی درآمد نوں کسٹم دے تحت کنٹرول کیتا جاندا اے۔ انفرادی صارفین دے لئی اجازت نامہ حاصل کرنا ضروری اے۔[۴۰][۴۱][۴۲][۴۳]
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مغربی یمن وچ قات دی کاشت
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قات دا درخت
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اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
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قات دی گڈیاں
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اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
حوالے
[سودھو]- ↑ Dickens, Charles [Digitized February 19, 2010] (1856). "The Orsons of East Africa", Household Words: A Weekly Journal, Volume 14. Bradbury & Evans, 176. Retrieved on 9 January 2014. سانچہ:Open access (Free eBook)
- ↑ Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (10): 741–2. doi: . PMID 18949206. PMC: 2649518. http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-188738635/khat-chewing-in-yemen-turning-over-a-new-leaf-khat. Retrieved on
- ↑ "World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs: Fourteenth Report"۔ United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime۔
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(معاونت) میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ - ↑ ۴.۰ ۴.۱ ۴.۲ "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of psychoactive drugs (Haight-Ashbury Publications) 41: 3. 2009.
- ↑ Thomson Gale (Firm), Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2007, Volume 1, (Thomson Gale: 2006), p.545.
- ↑ "SAPTA – Khat"۔
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(معاونت) میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ - ↑ "Protected Trees". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013.
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- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Khat use on the increase in Finland". HELSINGIN SANOMAT. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020237/https://www.hs.fi/english/article/Khat+use+on+the+increase+in+Finland/1135233645151%20/. Retrieved on ۲۳ مئی ۲۰۱۱.
- ↑ Drugs.com (1 January 2007). "Complete Khat Info". Jump up ^ Giannini, A.J.; Castellani, S. (July 1982). "A manic-like psychosis due to khat (Catha edulis Forsk.)". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 19 (5): 455–9. doi:10.3109/15563658208992500. PMID 7175990
- ↑ "Hald lagt á fíkniefnið Khat í fyrsta sinn" (in Icelandic). 2010-08-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020305/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2010/08/18/hald_lagt_a_fikniefnid_khat_i_fyrsta_sinn/%20/. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ "60 kíló af fíkniefnum" (in Icelandic). 2011-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020318/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/18/60_kilo_af_fikniefnum/%20/. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Dz.U. 2009 nr 63 poz. 520"سانچہ:Dead link
- ↑ Klein, Axel (2007). "Khat and the creation of tradition in the Somali diaspora", Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, 51–61. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3.
- ↑ Warfa, N.; Klein, A.; Bhui, K.; Leavey, G.; Craig, T.; Alfred Stansfeld, S. (2007). "Khat use and mental illness: A critical review". Social Science & Medicine 65 (2): 309–318. doi: . PMID 17544193.
- ↑ Warsi, Sayeeda (15 June 2008). "Conservatives will ban khat". Comment is free (London: The Guardian). https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020206/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/15/drugspolicy.somalia+. Retrieved on ۲۱ اگست ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Call for new controls on legal drug khat". Sky News. 19 June 2010. https://archive.ph/20140126040555/http://news.sky.com/story/786736/call-for-new-controls-on-legal-drug-khat. Retrieved on ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Khat: A review of its potential harms to the individual and communities in the UK" (PDF)۔ Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs۔ 23 January 2013
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Herbal stimulant khat to be banned". BBC News. 3 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23163017. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "UK legislators to press for lifting ban on Miraa Read". Standard Digital. 7 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020241/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/thecounties/article/2000106268/uk-legislators-to-press-for-lifting-ban-on-miraa. Retrieved on ۱۷ مارچ ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.سانچہ:Dead link
- ↑ "Gangs infiltrate Canada's airports". The Christian Science Monitor. 16 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020240/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2008/1216/p06s01-wogn.html. Retrieved on ۲ اپریل ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Powell, Betsy (20 April 2012). "Woman who brought khat to Canada wins appeal". The Star. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109034700/http://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2012/04/20/woman_who_brought_khat_to_canada_wins_appeal.html. Retrieved on ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ سانچہ:Cite press release
- ↑ Federal Register (14 January 1993). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Cathinone and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine Into Schedule I". https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020255/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/22/nation/na-khat22. Retrieved on ۱ فروری ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Stewart, Cameron (23 July 2008). "Somali women demand government action on legal drug". The Australian. https://web.archive.org/web/20080729021447/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24063019-5006785,00.html. Retrieved on ۵ اگست ۲۰۰۸.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.