انگریز شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ
ایہ انگریز شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ (List of English monarchs) اے۔ روايتی طور اُتے الفریڈاعظم نوں مملکت انگلستان دا بانی تصور کيتا جاندا اے۔ جدوں کہ ملکہ آن انگلستان دی آخری ملکہ سی جو مملکت انگلستان تے مملکت سکاٹ لینڈ ضم ہوئے کے مملکت برطانیہ عظمی بنی تے ایويں ملکہ آن پہلی برطانوی ملکہ بنی۔
سانچہ:Nobility table header
|-
| الفریڈاعظم
(Ælfrēd; Ælfrǣd)
871[۱]–899[۲] || فائل:Alfred – MS Royal 14 B VI.jpg || 849
بیٹا ایتھلوولف (شاہ ویسکس) تے اوسبرح || Ealhswith
868
پنج بچے || 26 اکتوبر 899
عمر تقریباً 50
|-
| ایڈورڈ ایلڈر
Eadweard cyning
26 اکتوبر 899–924 || فائل:Edward the Elder – MS Royal 14 B VI.jpg || c. 874–877
بیٹا الفریڈاعظم تے Ealhswith || (1) Ecgwynn
دو بچے
(2) Ælfflæd
اٹھ بچے
(3) Eadgifu
چار بچے || 17 جولائی 924
عمر تقریباً 46–50
|-
|}
سانچہ:Nobility table header
|-
| ایلفرڈ
July–اگست
924[۷]|| || c. 901[۸]
بیٹا ایڈورڈ ایلڈر تے Ælfflæd[۸] || غیر شادی شدہ?
کوئی اولاد نئيں|| 3 اگست 924[۶]
عمر تقریباً 23
Buried at Winchester[۹]
|-
|}
سانچہ:Nobility table header
|-
| ایتھلسٹان
(Æþelstan)
924–939[۱۰]
King of the Anglo-Saxons 924–927
King of the English 927–939 || 
|| 895
بیٹا ایڈورڈ ایلڈر تے Ecgwynn || غیر شادی شدہ[۱۰] || 27 اکتوبر 939
عمر تقریباً 44[۱۰]
|-
| ایڈمنڈ اول
(Eadmund)
28 اکتوبر
939–946[۱۱] || فائل:Edmund I – MS Royal 14 B V.jpg || c. 921
بیٹا ایڈورڈ ایلڈر تے Eadgifu of Kent[۱۱] || (1) Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
دو بچے
(2) Æthelflæd of Damerham
کوئی اولاد نئيں[۱۲] || 26 مئی 946
پکلچرچ
عمر تقریباً 25
(Killed in a brawl)[۱۱]
|-
| ایئڈریڈ
(Eadred)
27 May
946–955[۱۳] || فائل:Eadred – MS Royal 14 B VI.jpg || c. 923
بیٹا ایڈورڈ ایلڈر تے Eadgifu of Kent || غیر شادی شدہ || 23 نومبر 955
فروم
عمر تقریباً 32[۱۴]
|-
| ایئڈویگ
(Eadwig)
24 نومبر
955–959[۱۵] || Line engraving of Edwy made by an unknown engraver after an unknown artist || c. 940
بیٹا ایڈمنڈ اول تے Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury[۱۶] || Ælfgifu[۱۵] || 1 اکتوبر 959
عمر تقریباً 19[۱۵]
|-
| ایڈگر پرامن
(Eadgar)
2 اکتوبر
959–975[۱۷] || 
|| 7 اگست 943
Wessex
بیٹا ایڈمنڈ اول تے Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury || (1) Æthelflæd
c. 960
1 son
(2) Ælfthryth
c. 964
2 بیٹے || 8 جولائی 975
Winchester
عمر 31[۱۸]
|-
| ایڈورڈ شہید
(Eadweard)
9 July
975–978[۱۹] || St. Edward the Martyr|| c. 962
بیٹا ایڈگر پرامن تے Æthelflæd || غیر شادی شدہ || 18 مارچ 978
قلعہ کورف
عمر تقریباً 16
(Assassinated)[۱۹]
|-
| ایتھلریڈ غیر مستعد
(Æþelræd Unræd)
19 March
978–1013 (first reign)[۲۰] || 
|| c. 968
بیٹا ایڈگر پرامن تے Ælfthryth || (1) Ælfgifu of York
991
نو بچے
(2) Emma of Normandy
1002
تین بچے[۲۱] || 23 اپریل 1016
London
عمر تقریباً 48[۲۰]
|-
|}
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان نیلنگاسانچہ:Nobility table header
| سوئین فورک بئیرڈ
(Svend Tveskæg)
25 دسمبر[۲۳]
1013–1014[۲۴] || 
|| c. 960
Denmark
Son of Harald Bluetooth and Gyrid Olafsdottir || (1) Gunhild of Wenden
c. 990
ست بچے
(2) Sigrid the Haughty
c. 1000
1 بیٹی || 3 فروری 1014
گیئنزبرو، لنکنشائر
عمر تقریباً 54
|}
خاندان ویسکس (بحال، بار اول)
[سودھو]| نام | تصویر | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ایتھلریڈ غیر مستعد (Æþelræd Unræd) 3 فروری 1014–1016 (second reign)[۲۰] |
|
c. 968 بیٹا ایڈگر پرامن تے Ælfthryth |
(1) Aelgifu 991 نو بچے (2) Emma of Normandy 1002 تین بچے[۲۱] |
23 اپریل 1016 لندن عمر تقریباً 48[۲۰] |
بیٹا ایڈگر پرامن |
| ایڈمنڈ آئرن سائڈ (Eadmund) 24 اپریل – 30 نومبر 1016[۲۶] |
Edmund Ironside | c. 990 بیٹا ایتھلریڈ غیر مستعد تے Ælfgifu of York[۲۶] |
Edith of East Anglia دو بچے[۲۸] |
30 نومبر 1016 گلاسٹںبری عمر 26[۲۶][۲۸] |
بیٹا ایتھلریڈ غیر مستعد |
خاندان ڈنمارک (بحال)
[سودھو]سانچہ:Nobility table header
|کنوٹ
(Knútr)
18 اکتوبر 1016 –
12 نومبر 1035[۳۲]|| 
||c. 995
بیٹا سوئین فورک بئیرڈ تے Gunhilda of Poland[۳۲]||(1) Aelfgifu of Northampton
دو بچے
(2) Emma of Normandy
1017[۳۲]
دو بچے||12 نومبر 1035
شافٹزبری
عمر تقریباً 40[۳۲]
|-
|ہیرالڈ خرگوش پیر
(Harald)
13 نومبر 1035 –
17 مارچ 1040[۳۳]||
||c. 1016
بیٹا کنوٹ تے Ælfgifu of Northampton[۳۳]||Ælfgifu?
1 son?[۳۴]||17 مارچ 1040
آکسفرڈ
عمر تقریباً 24
|-
|ہارتھاکنوٹ
(Hardeknud)
17 مارچ 1040 –
8 جون 1042[۳۵]||
||1018
بیٹا کنوٹ تے Emma of Normandy[۳۶]||غیر شادی شدہ||8 جون 1042
لیمبیتھ
عمر تقریباً 24[۳۶]
(کثرت شراب نوشی دی وجہ توں ہدل دے دورہ)
|}
خاندان ویسکس (بحال، بار دوم)
[سودھو]| نام | تصویر | پیدائش | شادی | اولاد | وفات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ایڈورڈ معترف (Eadweard) 9 June 1042–1066 |
 |
c. 1003 آئسلپ، آکسفورڈ شائر بیٹا ایتھلریڈ غیر مستعد تے Emma of Normandy |
Edith of Wessex 23 جنوری 1045 |
کوئی نئيں | 5 جنوری 1066 ویسٹ منسٹر پیلس عمر 62 |
| ہیرالڈ گاڈونسن (Harold Godƿinson) 6 جنوری – 14 اکتوبر 1066 |
 |
c. 1022 بیٹا Godwin, Earl of Wessex تے Gytha Thorkelsdóttir |
Edith Swannesha | Godwine, Edmund, Magnus, Gunhild, Gytha | 14 اکتوبر 1066 ہیسٹینگز عمر 44 (Died in battle) |
| Ealdgyth c. 1064 |
Harold, Ulf | ||||
| ایڈگر ایتھلنگ (Eadgar Æþeling) 15 اکتوبر – 17 دسمبر 1066 Proclaimed, but never crowned[۳۸] |
 |
c. 1053 Hungary بیٹا Edward the Exile تے Agatha |
غیر شادی شدہ | کوئی نئيں | c. 1126 عمر تقریباً 73[۳۸] |
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان نورمینڈی| نام | تصویر | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ولیم اول William the Bastard William the Conqueror (Guillaume le Bâtard) (Guillaume le Conquérant) 25 دسمبر 1066–1087 |
 |
c. 1028 Falaise Castle بیٹا Robert I, Duke of Normandy, تے Herleva |
Matilda of Flanders Chapel Notre Dame of the castle in Eu, نورمینڈی 1053 دس بچے |
9 ستمبر 1087 روان عمر 59 after wounding himself on the saddle when his horse stumbled. Buried at Saint Etienne Abbey (Abbaye aux Hommes) of کاں (فرانس) |
قیاس وارث نامزد ایڈورڈ معترف 1052 (درحقیقت right of conquest) |
| ولیم دوم William Rufus (Guillaume le Roux) 26 ستمبر 1087–1100 |
 |
c. 1058 نورمینڈی بیٹا ولیم فاتح تے Matilda of Flanders |
غیر شادی شدہ | 2 اگست 1100 نیو فارسٹ عمر 42 when shot with an arrow, events still unclear. |
بیٹا ولیم اول (تقرری) |
| ہنری اول Henry Beauclerc (Henri Beauclerc) 5 اگست 1100–1135 |
 |
ستمبر 1068 سیلبی بیٹا ولیم فاتح تے Matilda of Flanders |
(1) Edith otherwise Matilda of Scotland ویسٹمنسٹر ایبی 11 نومبر 1100 چار بچے (2) Adeliza of Louvain قلعہ ونڈسر 29 جنوری 1121 کوئی اولاد نئيں |
1 دسمبر 1135 Castle of لیون لا فوغے (Saint-Denis-en-Lyons) عمر 67 apparently from eating a surfeit of lampreys. Buried at ریڈنگ ایبی |
بیٹا ولیم اول (تاج اُتے قابض) |
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان بلئوا| نام | تصویر | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| اسٹیفن Stephen of Blois (Estienne de Blois) 22 دسمبر 1135–1154[۴۱] |
 |
c. 1096 بلوا (شہر) بیٹا Stephen, Count of Blois, تے Adela of Normandy |
Matilda of Boulogne ویسٹمنسٹر 1125 پنج بچے |
25 اکتوبر 1154 قلعہ ڈوور عمر تقریباً 58 |
پوتا ولیم اول (تقرری / غصب) |
| نام | تصویر | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| میٹلڈا Empress Matilda (Mathilde l'emperesse) 7 اپریل 1141– 1 نومبر 1141 Title disputed |
 |
7 فروری 1102 Sutton Courtenay بیٹی ہنری اول تے Edith of Scotland[۴۴] |
(1) Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor مینز 6 جنوری 1114 کوئی اولاد نئيں (2) Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou لو مینس کیتھیڈرل 22 مئی 1128 تین بچے |
10 ستمبر 1167 Notre Dame du Pré in روان عمر 65 |
بیٹی ہنری اول (seizure of the crown) |
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: اونژواں شاہان انگلستان| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ہنری دوم Henry Curtmantle (Henri Court-manteau) 19 دسمبر 1154–1189 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1154–1189).svg | 5 مارچ 1133 لو مان بیٹا Geoffrey V of Anjou تے میٹلڈا, daughter of Henry I |
Eleanor of Aquitaine بوغدو کیتھیڈرل 18 مئی 1152 اٹھ بچے |
6 جولائی 1189 شیناں عمر 56. Buried at فونتوغا ایبے |
پوتا ہنری اول (Treaty of Wallingford) |
| ہنری نوجوان بادشاہ (Henri le Jeune Roy) (co-ruler with his father) 14 June 1170–1183 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1154–1189).svg | 28 فروری 1155
بیٹا ہنری دوم تے Eleanor of Aquitaine |
Margaret of France ونچیسٹر کیتھیڈرل 27 اگست 1172 one child |
11 جون 1183 Martel, لیموژ عمر 28. Buried at روان کیتھیڈرل (Notre-Dame) |
بیٹا ہنری دوم (تاجپوشی) |
| رچرڈ اول Richard the Lionheart (Richard Cœur de Lion) 3 ستمبر 1189–1199 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1198–1340).svg | 8 ستمبر 1157 بیومونٹ محل بیٹا ہنری دوم تے Eleanor of Aquitaine |
بیرنگیریا ناواری لیماسول 12 مئی 1191 کوئی اولاد نئيں |
6 اپریل 1199 Châlus عمر 41 from an arrow wound in the shoulder that became infected. Buried: Heart at روان کیتھیڈرل. Body at فونتوغا ایبے |
بیٹا ہنری دوم (پہلوٹھاپن) |
| جان Lackland (Jean sans Terre) 27 May 1199–1216 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1198–1340).svg | 24 دسمبر 1166 بیومونٹ محل بیٹا ہنری تے Eleanor of Aquitaine |
(1) Isabel of Gloucester Marlborough Castle 29 اگست 1189 کوئی اولاد نئيں
|
19 اکتوبر 1216 نیوارک آن ٹرینٹ عمر 49. Buried at وارچیسٹر کیتھیڈرل |
رچرڈ اول دا بھائی (خون دی قربت) |
متنازع حق جانشینی[۵۳]
| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| لوئی The Lion 1216– 22 ستمبر 1217 Title disputed |
فائل:Lehmann – Louis VIII of France.jpg |  |
5 ستمبر 1187 Paris بیٹا فلپ دوم, تے Isabella of Hainault |
Blanche of Castile Portmont 23 مئی 1200 13 بچے |
8 نومبر 1226 Montpensier عمر 39 |
Right of conquest |
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان پلانٹیجنیٹ
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تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان لنکاسٹر| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ہنری چہارم Bolingbroke 30 ستمبر 1399–1413 |
.jpg) |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1340–1367).svg | 3 اپریل 1367[۵۷] بولنگبروک قلعہ بیٹا John of Gaunt تے Blanche of Lancaster |
(1) Mary de Bohun Arundel Castle 27 جولائی 1380 ست بچے
|
20 مارچ 1413 ویسٹمنسٹر ایبی عمر 45[۵۷] |
grandson تے heir male of ایڈورڈ سوم (usurpation/ پہلوٹھاپن) |
| ہنری پنجم The Star of England 20 March 1413–1422 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1399–1603).svg | 16 ستمبر 1386[۵۸] مانماؤتھ قلعہ بیٹا ہنری چہارم تے Mary de Bohun |
Catherine of Valois ٹروییس کیتھیڈرل 2 جون 1420 اک بیٹا |
31 اگست 1422 شاتیو دے وانسین عمر 36 |
بیٹا ہنری چہارم (agnatic primogeniture) |
| ہنری ششم 31 اگست 1422 – 4 مارچ 1461 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1470–1471).svg | 6 دسمبر 1421 قلعہ ونڈسر بیٹا ہنری پنجم تے Catherine of Valois |
Margaret of Anjou ٹیچفیلڈ ایبی 22 اپریل 1445 اک بیٹا |
21 مئی 1471 ٹاور آف لندن عمر 49 |
بیٹا ہنری پنجم (agnatic primogeniture) |
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان یورک| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ایڈورڈ چہارم 4 مارچ 1461 – 2 اکتوبر 1470 |
|
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1399–1603).svg | 28 اپریل 1442 روان بیٹا Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, تے Cecily Neville |
Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 مئی 1464 دس بچے |
9 اپریل 1483 ویسٹ منسٹر پیلس عمر 40 |
great-great-grandson تے heir general of ایڈورڈ سوم (جنگ گلاباں/cognatic primogeniture) |
خاندان لنکاسٹر (بحال)
[سودھو]| نام | تصویر | نشای | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ہنری ششم 30 اکتوبر 1470 – 11 اپریل 1471 |
|
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1470–1471).svg | 6 دسمبر 1421 قلعہ ونڈسر بیٹا ہنری پنجم شاہ انگلستان تے Catherine of Valois |
Margaret of Anjou ٹیچفیلڈ ایبی 22 اپریل 1445 اک بیٹا |
21 مئی 1471 ٹاور آف لندن عمر 49 (murdered by the York brothers). |
بیٹا Henry V (جنگ گلاباں) |
خاندان یورک (بحال)
[سودھو]
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان ٹیوڈر
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متنازع حق جانشینی[۶۶]
| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| لیڈی جین گرے 10–19 جولائی 1553 Title disputed |
 |
 |
اکتوبر 1537 بریڈگیٹ پارک daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, تے Lady Frances Brandon |
Lord Guildford Dudley اسٹرینڈ، لندن 21 مئی 1553 کوئی اولاد نئيں [۶۷] |
12 فروری 1554 ٹاور آف لندن عمر 16 (سر قلم) |
great-granddaughter of Henry VII (ایڈورڈ ششم شاہ انگلستان) |
| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| میری اول 19 July 1553–1558 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1554–1558).svg | 18 فروری 1516 Greenwich Palace daughter of Henry VIII تے Catherine of Aragon |
فیلیپ دوم شاہ ہسپانیہ ونچیسٹر کیتھیڈرل 25 جولائی 1554 کوئی اولاد نئيں |
17 نومبر 1558 سینٹ جیمز محل عمر 42 |
daughter of Henry VIII (Third Succession Act) |
| فیلیپ دوم[۶۸] 25 جولائی 1554 – 17 نومبر 1558 (jure uxoris) |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1554–1558).svg | 21 مئی 1527 بلدولید, Spain بیٹا کارلوس خامس، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ, تے Isabella of Portugal |
(2) میری اول ملکہ انگلستان ونچیسٹر کیتھیڈرل 25 جولائی 1554 کوئی اولاد نئيں three other marriages and ست بچے |
13 ستمبر 1598 ٰایل ایسکو, Spain عمر 71 |
husband of Mary I (Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain) |
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Coat of arms of Mary I[۶۹][۷۰][۷۱][۷۲][۷۲][۷۳][۷۴][۷۵][۷۶][۷۷][۷۸][۷۹][۸۰][۸۱][۸۲][۸۳]
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| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ایلزبتھ اول 17 نومبر 1558–1603 |
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فائل:Royal Arms of England (1399–1603).svg | 7 ستمبر 1533 Greenwich Palace daughter of Henry VIII تے Anne Boleyn |
غیر شادی شدہ | 24 مارچ 1603 Richmond Palace عمر 69 |
daughter of Henry VIII (Third Succession Act) |
تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: خاندان اسٹورٹ| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| جیمز اول 24 مارچ 1603–1625 |
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فائل:Royal Arms of England (1603–1707).svg | 19 جون 1566 قلعہ ایڈنبرا بیٹا Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, تے Mary I, Queen of Scots |
Anne of Denmark اوسلو 23 نومبر 1589 ست بچے |
27 مارچ 1625 تھیوبالڈس ہاؤس عمر 58 |
great-great-grandson تے heir general of ہنری ہفتم شاہ انگلستان |
| چارلس اول 27 مارچ 1625–1649 |
 |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1603–1707).svg | 19 نومبر 1600 ڈنفئرلین بیٹا James I تے Anne of Denmark |
Henrietta Maria of France سینٹ آکسٹائن ایبی 13 جون 1625 نو بچے |
30 جنوری 1649 وائٹ ہال محل عمر 48 (سر قلم) |
بیٹا James I (پہلوٹھاپن) |
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وقفہ حُکمرانی
[سودھو] تفصیلی لیکھ لئی ویکھو: انگلستان دی دولت مشترکہ- لارڈز محافظ
| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| اولیور کرامویل Old Ironsides 16 دسمبر 1653–1658[۸۷] |
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25 اپریل 1599 ہنٹنگڈن[۸۷] بیٹا Robert Cromwell تے Elizabeth Steward[۸۸] |
Elizabeth Bourchier in St Giles[۸۹] 22 اگست 1620 نو بچے[۸۷] |
3 ستمبر 1658 وائٹ ہال عمر 59[۸۷] |
| رچرڈ کرامویل Tumbledown Dick 3 ستمبر 1658 – 7 مئی 1659[۹۰] |
 |
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4 اکتوبر 1626 ہنٹنگڈن بیٹا Oliver Cromwell تے Elizabeth Bourchier[۹۰] |
Dorothy Maijor مئی 1649 نو بچے[۹۰] |
12 جولائی 1712 چیزہنٹ عمر 85[۹۱] |
خاندان اسٹورٹ (بحال)
[سودھو]| نام | تصویر | نشان | پیدائش | شادی | وفات | حق جانشینی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| چارلس دوم 29 مئی 1660–1685[۹۳] Recognised by Royalists in 1649 |
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فائل:Royal Arms of England (1603–1707).svg | 29 مئی 1630 سینٹ جیمز محل بیٹا Charles I تے Henrietta Maria of France |
کیتھرین، خاندان براگینزا پورٹسماؤتھ 21 مئی 1662 کوئی اولاد نئيں |
6 فروری 1685 وائٹ ہال محل عمر 54 |
بیٹا Charles I (cognatic primogeniture; English Restoration) |
| جیمز دوم 6 فروری 1685 – 23 دسمبر 1688 (معزول) |
.jpg) |
فائل:Royal Arms of England (1603–1707).svg | 14 اکتوبر 1633 سینٹ جیمز محل بیٹا Charles I تے Henrietta Maria of France |
(1) Anne Hyde اسٹرینڈ 3 ستمبر 1660 اٹھ بچے
|
16 ستمبر 1701 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye عمر 67 |
بیٹا Charles I (cognatic primogeniture) |
| میری دوم 13 فروری 1689–1694 |
فائل:Mary II – Kneller 1690.jpg | فائل:Royal Arms of England (1689–1694).svg | 30 اپریل 1662 سینٹ جیمز محل daughter of James II تے Anne Hyde |
سینٹ جیمز محل 4 نومبر 1677 کوئی اولاد نئيں |
28 دسمبر 1694 کنسنگٹن محل عمر 32 |
grandchildren of Charles I (offered the crown by Parliament) |
| ولیم سوم William of Orange 13 فروری 1689–1702 |
فائل:King William III of England, (1650–1702) (lighter).jpg | فائل:Royal Arms of England (1694–1702).svg | 4 نومبر 1650 ہیگ بیٹا William II, Prince of Orange, تے Mary, Princess Royal[۹۴] |
8 مارچ 1702 کنسنگٹن محل عمر 51 after breaking his collarbone from falling off his horse | ||
| این 8 مارچ 1702–1 مئی 1707[۹۵] لسٹ برطانوی شاہی حکمرانان 1 مئی 1707–1 اگست 1714 |
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فائل:Royal Arms of England (1603–1707).svg | 6 فروری 1665 سینٹ جیمز محل daughter of James II تے Anne Hyde |
George of Denmark سینٹ جیمز محل 28 جولائی 1683 5 children |
1 اگست 1714 کنسنگٹن محل عمر 49 |
daughter of James II (پہلوٹھاپن; Bill of Rights 1689) |
| 1707 دے بعد دے حکمراناں دے لئی | ویکھو لسٹ برطانوی شاہی حکمرانان | |||||
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_(lighter).jpg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
قوانین اتحاد
[سودھو]1707ء دے بعد دے حکمراناں دے لئی ویکھو لسٹ برطانوی شاہی حکمرانان.
باہرلے جوڑ
[سودھو] |
وکیمیڈیا کامنز چ مورتاں: انگریز شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ |
- English Monarchs – A complete history of the Kings تے Queens of England
- Britannia: Monarchs of Britain Archived 2017-09-15 at the وے بیک مشین
- Archontology – English Kings/Queens from 871 to 1707
- British Royal Family History – Kings تے Queens Archived 2015-02-06 at the وے بیک مشین
حوالے
[سودھو]- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Pratt, David (2007). "The political thought of King Alfred the Great". Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life تے Thought: Fourth Series 67. Cambridge University Press, p. 106. ISBN 978-0-521-80350-2.
- ↑ There is some evidence that ایلفرڈ مئی have been king for four weeks in 924, between his father Edward the Elder تے his brother Æthelstan, although he was not crowned.
- ↑ Yorke, Barbara. Bishop Æthelwold: His Career تے Influence. Woodbridge, 1988. p. 71
- ↑ However, this is not accepted by all historians. Also, it is unclear whether Ælfweard was declared king of the whole kingdom or of Wessex only: there is evidence that when Edward died, Ælfweard was declared king in Wessex تے Æthelstan in Mercia.
- ↑ ۶.۰ ۶.۱ Simon Keynes, 'Rulers of the English, c 450–1066', in Michael Lapidge et al ed., The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, 2001, p. 514
- ↑ Sean Miller, Æthelstan, in Michael Lapidge et al ed., The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, 2001, p. 16
- ↑ ۸.۰ ۸.۱ Simon Keynes, 'Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons', in N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill eds., Edward the Elder, Routledge, 2001, pp. 50–51
- ↑ Alan Thacker, 'Dynastic Monasteries تے Family Cults', in N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill eds., Edward the Elder, Routledge, 2001, p. 253
- ↑ ۱۰.۰ ۱۰.۱ ۱۰.۲ Aethelstan @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 15 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ ۱۱.۰ ۱۱.۱ ۱۱.۲ EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ English Monarchs – Kings تے Queens of England – Edmund the Elder. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ BritRoyals – King Edred. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ ۱۵.۰ ۱۵.۱ ۱۵.۲ EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ Family of Edgar +* تے Aelfthryth +* of DEVON. Retrieved 21 جنوری 2016.
- ↑ ۱۹.۰ ۱۹.۱ EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ ۲۰.۰ ۲۰.۱ ۲۰.۲ ۲۰.۳ Æthelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ ۲۱.۰ ۲۱.۱ English Monarchs – Kings تے Queens of England – Ethelred II, the Redeless. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ England came under the control of Sweyn Forkbeard, a Danish king, after an invasion in 1013, during which Æthelred abandoned the throne and went into exile in Normandy.
- ↑ "English Monarchs"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "Sweyn (Forkbeard) – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ Following the death of Sweyn Forkbeard, Æthelred the Unready returned from exile and was again proclaimed king on 3 فروری 1014. His son succeeded him after being chosen king by the citizens of London and a part of the Witan,
- ↑ ۲۶.۰ ۲۶.۱ ۲۶.۲ ۲۶.۳ EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ despite ongoing Danish efforts in wresting the crown from the اینگلو سیکسن.
- ↑ ۲۸.۰ ۲۸.۱ English Monarchs – Kings and Queens of England – Edmund Ironside. Retrieved 17 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ Following the decisive Battle of Assandun on 18 اکتوبر 1016, King Edmund signed a treaty with Cnut in which all of England except for Wessex would be controlled by Cnut.
- ↑ Edmund II (king of England) @ Britannica.com. Retrieved 25 مارچ 2010.
- ↑ Upon Edmund's death on 30 نومبر، Cnut ruled the whole kingdom as its sole king.
- ↑ ۳۲.۰ ۳۲.۱ ۳۲.۲ ۳۲.۳ CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. Retrieved 21 مارچ 2007.
- ↑ ۳۳.۰ ۳۳.۱ Harold was only recognised as regent until 1037, when was recognised as king. "Harold (Harefoot) – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "Harold I"۔ Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 20 فروری 2012
- ↑ "Harthacnut – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 28 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ ۳۶.۰ ۳۶.۱ "Harthacnut"۔ Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 20 فروری 2012
- ↑ After Harthacnut, there was a brief Saxon Restoration between 1042 and 1066.
- ↑ ۳۸.۰ ۳۸.۱ After reigning for approximately 9 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the area to the south and immediate west of London ("Eadgar (the Ætheling) – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 اکتوبر 2007 ).
- ↑ In 1066, several rival claimants to the Throne emerged. Among them were Harold Godwinson, elected king by the Witenagemot after the death of Edward the Confessor, as well as Harald Hardrada, King of ناروے who claimed to be the rightful heir of Harthacnut, and William II, Duke of Normandy, descendant of Rollo, founder of the royal خاندان نورمینڈی, vassal to the King of France, and first-half-cousin once-removed of ایڈورڈ معترف. Harald and William both invaded separately in 1066. Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England in the Norman conquest of England. After the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror made permanent the recent removal of the capital from ونچیسٹر to لندن. Following the death of Harold Godwinson on 14 اکتوبر، the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot elected as king Edgar the Ætheling, the son of Edward the Exile and grandson of Edmund Ironside, but the young monarch was unable to resist the invaders and was never crowned. William was crowned King William I of England on Christmas Day 1066, in ویسٹمنسٹر ایبی, and is today known as William the Conqueror, William the Bastard or William I.
- ↑ Henry I left no legitimate male heirs, his son William Adelin having died in the White Ship disaster. This ended the direct Norman line of kings in England. Henry named his eldest daughter, the Widow مقدس رومی شہنشاہ Matilda as his heir. Prior to naming Matilda as heir, however, he had been in negotiations to name his nephew Stephen, King of England as his heir. When Henry died, Stephen invaded England, and in a Coup d'état had himself crowned instead of Matilda. The period which followed is known as The Anarchy, as parties supporting each side fought in open warfare on both Britain and on the continent for the better part of two decades.
- ↑ "STEPHEN (of Blois) – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ Empress Matilda was declared heir presumptive by her father, Henry I, after the death of her brother on the White Ship, and acknowledged as such by the barons. However, upon Henry I's death, the throne was seized by Matilda's cousin, Stephen of Blois. The Anarchy ensued, with Matilda being a de facto ruler for a few months in 1141—the first woman so to be—but she was never crowned and is rarely listed as a monarch of England.
- ↑ Matilda is not listed as a monarch of England in many genealogies within texts, including David Carpenter's A Struggle for Mastery (2003) pg. 533, W.L. Warren's Henry II (1973) pg. 176, and John Gillingham's The Angevin Empire (1984) pg. x.
- ↑ "MATILDA (the Empress) – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ Count Eustace IV of Boulogne (c. 1130 – 17 اگست 1153) was appointed co-king of England by his father, King Stephen, on 6 اپریل 1152, in order to guarantee his succession to the throne (as was the custom in France, but not in England). However, the بطریق اعظم and the Church would not agree to this, and Eustace was not crowned. Eustace died the next year عمر 22, during his father's lifetime, and so never became king in his own right.
- ↑ Ashley, Mike (1999). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens, London: Robinson Publishing Ltd. p. 516. ISBN 1-84119-096-9
- ↑ Stephen came to an agreement with Matilda in نومبر 1153 with the signing of the Treaty of Wallingford, where Stephen recognised Prince Henry, son of Matilda and her second husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, as the heir-apparent to the throne in lieu of his own son, who had died that اگست۔ The royal house descended from Matilda and Geoffrey is widely known by two names, the House of Anjou (after Geoffrey's title as Count of Anjou) or the House of Plantagenet, after his sobriquet. Some historians prefer to group the subsequent kings into two groups, before and after the loss of the Angevin Empire, although they are not different royal houses.
- ↑ The Angevins ruled over the Angevin Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries, an area stretching from the Pyrenees to Ireland. They did not regard England as their primary home until most of their continental domains were lost by John, King of England. Though the Angevin Dynasty was short-lived, their male line descendants included the House of Plantagenet, the House of Lancaster and the House of York.
- ↑ The Angevins formulated England's royal coat of arms, which usually showed other kingdoms held or claimed by them or their successors, although without representation of Ireland for quite some time. Dieu et mon droit has generally been used as the motto of English monarchs since being adopted by ایڈورڈ سوم,
- ↑ ۵۰.۰ ۵۰.۱ Pine, Leslie Gilbert (1983). A Dictionary of mottoes. Routledge, 53. ISBN 978-0-7100-9339-4.
- ↑ but it was first used as a battle cry by Richard I of England in 1198 at the Battle of Gisors, when he defeated the forces of Philip II of France, after which, he made it his motto.
- ↑ Norris, Herbert (1999). Medieval Costume and Fashion, illustrated, reprint, Courier Dover Publications, 312. ISBN 0-486-40486-2.
- ↑ Louis VIII of France briefly ruled about half of England from 1216 to 1217 at the conclusion of the First Barons' War against John, King of England. On marching into London he was openly received by the rebel barons and citizens of London and proclaimed (though not crowned) king at St Paul's cathedral. Many nobles, including Alexander II of Scotland for his English possessions, gathered to give homage to him. However, in signing the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217, Louis conceded that he had never been the legitimate king of England.
- ↑ The House of Plantagenet takes its name from Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, husband of the Empress Matilda and father of Henry II. The name Plantagenet itself was unknown as a family name per se until Richard of York adopted it as his family name in the 15th century. It has since been retroactively applied to English monarchs from Henry II onward. It is common among modern historians to refer to Henry II and his sons as the "Angevins" due to their vast continental Empire, most of the Angevin kings prior to John spent more time in their continental possessions than in England. It is from the time of Henry III, after the loss of most of the family's continental possessions, when the Plantagenet kings became more English in nature. The Houses of Lancaster and York are cadet branches of the House of Plantagenet.
- ↑ The date of Edward II's death is disputed by Ian Mortimer in his book "The Perfect King: The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation," which argues that he مئی not have been murdered, but held imprisoned in Europe for several more years: ISBN 0-09-952709-X
- ↑ This house descended from Edward III's third surviving son, John of Gaunt. Henry IV seized power from Richard II (and also displaced the next in line to the throne, Edmund Mortimer (then عمر 7), a descendant of Edward III's second son, Lionel of Antwerp).
- ↑ ۵۷.۰ ۵۷.۱ Mortimer, Ian (2007). "Henry IV's date of birth and the royal Maundy". Historical Research (University of London) 80 (210): 567–576. doi:. ISSN 0950-3471.
- ↑ Allmand, Christopher (ستمبر 2010). "Henry V (1386–1422)", لغت برائے عوامی سوانح نگاری. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12952.
- ↑ The House of York inherited its name from the fourth surviving بیٹا Edward III, Edmund, 1st Duke of York, but claimed the right to the throne through Edward III's second surviving son, Lionel of Antwerp. The جنگ گلاباں (1455–1485) saw the throne pass back and forth between the rival houses of Lancaster and York.
- ↑ ۶۰.۰ ۶۰.۱ Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. "EDWARD V – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "RICHARD III – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ The Tudors descended matrilineally from John Beaufort, one of the illegitimate children of John of Gaunt (third surviving son of Edward III), by Gaunt's long-term mistress Katherine Swynford. Those descended from English monarchs only through an illegitimate child would normally have no claim on the throne, but the situation was complicated when Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396 (25 years after John Beaufort's birth). In view of the marriage, the church retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate via a papal bull the same year (also enshrined in an Act of Parliament in 1397). A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's legitimate son, Henry IV of England, also recognised the Beauforts' legitimacy, but declared them ineligible ever to inherit the throne. Nevertheless, the Beauforts remained closely allied with Gaunt's other descendants, the Royal House of Lancaster.
- ↑ John Beaufort's granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort was married to Edmund Tudor. Tudor was the son of Welsh courtier Owain Tudur (anglicised to Owen Tudor) and Catherine of Valois, the widowed queen consort of the Lancastrian Henry V of England. Edmund Tudor and his siblings were either illegitimate, or the product of a secret marriage, and owed their fortunes to the goodwill of their legitimate half-brother Henry VI of England. When the House of Lancaster fell from power, the Tudors followed. By the late 15th century, the Tudors were the last hope for the Lancaster supporters. Edmund Tudor's son became king as Henry VII of England after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, ending the Wars of the Roses. King Henry married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, thereby uniting the Lancastrian and York lineages.
- ↑ With Henry VIII of England's break from the Roman Catholic Church, the monarch became the Supreme Head of the Church of England and of the Church of Ireland. Elizabeth I of England's title became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
- ↑ Edward Hall and Raphael Holinshed both record an earlier secret wedding between Henry and Anne, which was conducted in ڈوور on 15 نومبر 1532.
- ↑ Edward VI named لیڈی جین گرے as his heir presumptive, overruling the order of succession laid down by Parliament in the Third Succession Act. Four days after his death on 6 جولائی 1553, Jane was proclaimed queen—the first of three Tudor women to be proclaimed queen regnant. Nine days after the proclamation, on 19 July, the Privy Council switched allegiance and proclaimed Edward VI's Catholic half-sister میری اول ملکہ انگلستان. Jane was executed in 1554, عمر 16. Many historians do not consider her to have been a legitimate monarch.
- ↑ "Lady Jane Grey: Marriage"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ Philip was not meant to be a mere consort; rather, the status of Mary I's husband was envisioned as that of a co-monarch during her reign. See Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain. However the extent of his authority and his status are ambiguous. The Act says that Philip shall have the title of king and "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions," but elsewhere says that Mary shall be the sole Queen.
- ↑ Under the terms of the marriage treaty between فیلیپ دوم شاہ ہسپانیہ (Philip II of Spain from 15 جنوری 1556) and Queen Mary I, Philip was to enjoy Mary's titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including Acts of Parliament, were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple. An Act of Parliament gave him the title of king and stated that he "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions"
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ (although elsewhere the Act stated that Mary was to be "sole queen"). Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife.
- ↑ ۷۲.۰ ۷۲.۱ Louis Adrian Montrose, The subject of Elizabeth: authority, gender, and representation, University of Chicago Press, 2006
- ↑ As the new King of England could not read English, it was ordered that a note of all matters of state should be made in Latin or Spanish.
- ↑ A. F. Pollard, The History of England – From the Accession of Edward VI. to the Death of Elizabeth (1547–1603), READ BOOKS, 2007
- ↑ Wim de Groot, The Seventh Window: The King's Window Donated by Philip II and Mary Tudor to Sint Janskerk in Gouda (1557), Uitgeverij Verloren, 2005
- ↑ Coins were minted showing the heads of both Mary and Philip, and the coat of arms of England (right) was impaled with Philip's to denote their joint reign.
- ↑ Richard Marks, Ann Payne, British Museum, British Library; British heraldry from its origins to c. 1800; British Museum Publications Ltd., 1978
- ↑ American Numismatic Association, The Numismatist, American Numismatic Association, 1971
- ↑ Acts which made it high treason to deny Philip's royal authority were passed in England
- ↑ Treason Act 1554
- ↑ and Ireland.
- ↑ Robert Dudley Edwards, Ireland in the age of the Tudors: the destruction of Hiberno-Norman civilisation, Taylor & Francis, 1977
- ↑ In 1555, Pope Paul IV issued a papal bull recognising Philip and Mary as rightful King and Queen of Ireland.
- ↑ Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, her cousin, جیمز اول, List of Scottish monarchs, succeeded to the English throne as James I in the Union of the Crowns. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII. In 1604, he adopted the title King of Great Britain. However, the two parliaments remained separate until the Acts of Union 1707.
- ↑ Article 3 of the Act of Union 1707
- ↑ No monarch reigned between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of چارلس دوم شاہ انگلستان in 1660. Between 1649 and 1653, there was no single English سربراہ ریاست, as England was ruled directly by the Rump Parliament during a period known as the انگلستان دی دولت مشترکہ. After a مسلح بغاوت in 1653, اولیور کرامویل forcibly took control of England from Parliament. He dissolved the Rump Parliament at the head of a military force and England entered a period known as The Protectorate, under the direct control of a single individual known as the Lord Protector. While not officially monarchs, the holder of the office of Lord Protector wielded great, almost absolute and آمر power over England, and the office became de facto hereditary when it passed from Oliver Cromwell to his son Richard. Richard lacked both the ability to rule and confidence of the Army, and he was forcibly removed by the English Committee of Safety under the leadership of Charles Fleetwood in مئی 1659. England again lacked any single head of state during several months of conflict between Fleetwood's party and that of George Monck. Monck took de facto control of the country in دسمبر 1659, and after almost a year of anarchy, the monarchy was formally restored when چارلس دوم شاہ انگلستان returned from France to accept the throne of England following the Declaration of Breda and an invitation to reclaim the throne from the Convention Parliament of 1660.
- ↑ ۸۷.۰ ۸۷.۱ ۸۷.۲ ۸۷.۳ "Oliver Cromwell 1599–1658"۔ ۱۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "Oliver Cromwell – Faq 1"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "New Page 1"۔ 29 ستمبر 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ ۹۰.۰ ۹۰.۱ ۹۰.۲ "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626–1712"۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "CROMWELL, Richard – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ Following the restoration of the Monarchy, England came under the rule of Charles II of England whose reign was relatively peaceful domestically, given the tumultuous time of the Interregnum years. Tensions still existed between Catholics and Protestants however, and with the ascension of his son, the openly Catholic James II of England, England again was sent into a period of political turmoil. James II was ousted by Parliament less than three years after ascending to the throne, and the throne was offered jointly to his daughter Mary II of England and her husband (also his first cousin once removed) William III of England during the Glorious Revolution. While James and his descendants would continue to claim the throne, all Catholics (such as James and his son Charles ) were barred from the throne by the Act of Settlement 1701, enacted by Anne, Queen of Great Britain, another of James' Protestant daughters. After the Acts of Union 1707, England as a sovereign state ceased to exist, replaced by the new Kingdom of Great Britain.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "WILLIAM III – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ "Anne (England) – Archontology.org"۔ ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۱۸ میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اکتوبر 2007
- ↑ The Acts of Union 1707 were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into effect the Treaty of Union agreed on 22 جولائی 1706. The Acts joined the مملکت انگلستان and the مملکت سکاٹ لینڈ (previously separate خود مختار ریاستs, with separate legislatures but with the same monarch) into the مملکت برطانیہ عظمی.
- ↑ Welcome parliament.uk. Retrieved 7 اکتوبر 2008.
- ↑ England, Scotland, and Ireland had shared a monarch for more than a hundred years, since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when جیمز اول inherited the English and Irish thrones from his first cousin twice removed, Elizabeth I of England. Although described as a Union of Crowns, until 1707 there were in fact two separate Crowns resting on the same head. There had been attempts in 1606, 1667, and 1689, to unite England and Scotland by Acts of Parliament, but it was not until the early eighteenth century that the idea had the support of both political establishments behind it, albeit for rather different reasons.
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