گٹکا
گُٹکا یا گٹکھا اک قسم دا مصالحہ اے جس وچ جوز جوتری، پستہ، کسی، لونگ، الائچی تے چھالیہ وغیرہ ڈال کر بناتے نيں تے بھوپال وچ پان دی بجائے کثرت توں استعمال ہُندا اے۔[۱] بھارت، پاکستان تے بنگلہ دیش وچ سادہ وقتاں وچ چھوٹے جہے پیکٹاں وچ پایا جاݨ والا مادہ اے۔ گٹکے وچ جیہڑی سپاری استعمال ہُندی اے اوہ سی گریڈ یعنی سبھ توں ناقص قسم دی ہُندی اے۔ اس دے علاوہ تمباکو تے کجھ کیمیائی مادے اَتے خوشبو پا کے اسنوں پاؤچ وچ پیک کيتا ہُندا اے۔ تمباکو دے عادی لوکاں نوں اس توں کوئی فرق نہيں پَیندا کہ اس وچ جو مواد استعمال ہوئی اوہ کیہ اَتے کس قسم دی اے۔ انہاں دے چسکے تاں نیکوٹین اَتے کیمیائی مادے پورے کر دیندے نيں۔[۲]
پابندی
[سودھو]ہندوستان
[سودھو]بھارت دی کئی ریاستاں وچ گٹکے دی فروخت، تیاری، تقسیم، ذخیرہ اندوزی اَتے اس دے تمام متغیرات اُتے پابندی لگی۔ سنہ 2013 مئی نوں گٹکے اُتے 24 ریاستاں تے 3 مرکزی زیرِ اقتدار علاقےآں وچ پابندی لگی۔[۳]
ریاست | پابندی دی تریخ | بیان | حوالے۔ |
---|---|---|---|
جزائر انڈمان تے نکوبار | 1 نومبر 2012ء | [۴] | |
آندھرا پردیش | 9 جنوری 2013ء | [۵] | |
اروناچل پردیش | [۶] | ||
آسام | مارچ 2013ء | [۷][۸] | |
بہار | 30 مئی 2013[۹] | The law was upheld by the Patna High Court. | [۱۰] |
چندی گڑھ | [۱۱] | ||
چھتیس گڑھ | 24 جولائی 2012ء | [۱۲] | |
دہلی | 11 ستمبر 2012ء | On 12 October 2012, the Delhi High Court refused to lift ban in response to a plea by a city-based gutka manufacturer. | [۱۳][۱۴][۱۵][۱۶] |
گوا | 2 اکتوبر 2005ء | [۱۷] | |
گجرات | 11 ستمبر 2012ء[۱۸][۱۹] | 100% export-oriented units are exempt from the ban | [۲۰] |
ہماچل پردیش | 13 جولائی 2012ء | [۲۱] | |
ہریانہ | 15 اگست 2012ء | [۲۲] | |
جھارکھنڈ | 24 جولائی 2012ء | [۲۳][۲۴] | |
کیرلا | 25 مئی 2012ء[۲۵] | On 2 August 2012, Kerala High Court declined to stay the ban. | [۲۶] |
کرناٹک | 31 مئی 2013ء | [۲۷] | |
مدھیہ پردیش | 1 اپریل 2012ء[۲۸] | The law was upheld by the Madhya Pradesh High Court. | [۲۹] |
مہاراشٹر | 20 جولائی 2012[۳۰] | Previous bans on gutka on 1 August 2002 and again in 2008 were overturned by the Supreme Court on the grounds of unfair trade practice.[۳۱][۳۲] The most recent ban was upheld by the Bombay High Court on 15 September 2012.[۳۳] | |
منی پور | [۶][۳۴] | ||
میزورم | 2012ء | [۳۵][۳۶][۳۷][۳۸] | |
ناگالینڈ | [۱۱] | ||
اوڈیشا | 1 جنوری 2013ء | [۳۹][۴۰][۴۱] | |
پنجاب | 26 اگست 2012ء | [۴۲] | |
راجستھان | 18 جولائی 2012ء | [۴۳][۴۴] | |
سکم | 17 ستمبر 2012ء | [۴۵] | |
تمل ناڈو | 8 مئی 2013ء | [۴۶] | |
اتر پردیش | 1 اپریل 2013ء | [۴۷] | |
اتراکھنڈ | 1 جنوری 2013ء | [۴۸] | |
مغربی بنگال | 1 مئی 2013ء | [۴۹][۵۰] |
ریسرچ فرم ایڈل ویس نے اندازہ لگایا سی کہ گٹکا دی پابندی توں صنعت نوں 15-20 ₹ بلین نقصانات دا سامنا کرنا پئے گا۔[۵۱]
گٹکا اَتے کینسر
[سودھو]ماہرین طب دے مطابق جدوں توں گٹکے دا استعمال ودھیا اے اس وقت توں ہی منہ دے کینسر دے مریضاں دی تعداد وچ وی اچانک وادھا ہويا اے۔[۵۲]
حوالے
[سودھو]- ↑ فرہنگ آصفیہ جلد 4 صفحہ 15
- ↑ गुटखा बैन: उत्तरप्रदेश में कब क्या हुआ
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ ۶.۰ ۶.۱ "Tripura, Meghalaya to ban gutka, pan masala". The Times of India. 23 April 2013. https://archive.today/20130629131243/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-23/india/38762557_1_pan-masala-tobacco-products-population-based-cancer-registry. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Singh, Bikash (8 March 2013). "Gutka, pan masala containing tobacco and nicotine banned in Assam". Economic Times. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-08/news/37561579_1_pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine-gutka. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Bhatia, Banjot Kaur (31 May 2012). "World No Tobacco Day: Bihar govt bans gutkha, pan masala for 1 year". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130103080551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/patna/31920287_1_pan-masala-global-adult-tobacco-survey-world-no-tobacco-day. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ [۱] Archived 2013-01-22 at Archive.is سانچہ:Dead linkسانچہ:Cbignore
- ↑ ۱۱.۰ ۱۱.۱ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "HC refuses to lift gutka ban". The Times of India. 13 October 2012. https://archive.today/20130103100314/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/delhi/34430495_1_gutka-ban-gutka-products-delhi-high-court. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (11 September 2012). "Delhi decides to ban gutka". The Hindu (Chennai, India). https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article3884583.ece%20/. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Delhi government slaps ban on all gutka products". The Times of India. 11 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023013024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-11/delhi/33762330_1_tobacco-products-gutka-products-sale-and-production. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ "Goa to ban gutka consumption". Economic Times. 27 September 2005. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-09-27/news/27502007_1_gutka-food-products-ban. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Gutka to be banned in Gujarat from 11 Sept.: Modi". The Hindu (چنائی، بھارت). 15 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054502/https://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article3775436.ece%20/. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Haryana to ban food items having tobacco". The Times of India. 13 August 2012. https://archive.today/20130103081233/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-13/chandigarh/33181467_1_ban-on-hookah-bars-hookah-and-tobacco-haryana-government. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Mathew, Roy (25 May 2012). "Kerala bans pan masala and its variants". The Hindu (چنائی، ہندوستان). https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054624/https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3455962.ece%20/. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ "HC refuses to stay ban on pan masala". 2 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054527/http://zeenews.india.com/news/kerala/hc-refuses-to-stay-ban-on-pan-masala_791249.html.
- ↑ "Karnataka to ban gutka on 'World No Tobacco Day'". The Times of India. 30 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130618095533/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-30/bangalore/39628254_1_gutka-products-areca-growers-karnataka-government. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Tripathi, Ashish (18 September 2012). "'Ban gutka or we will', High court tells Akhilesh Yadav government". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130103171713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-18/lucknow/33925119_1_ban-gutkha-justice-anurag-kumar-high-court. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ "Ban Day 1: FDA set to root out gutka". The Times of India. 21 July 2012. https://archive.today/20130126150711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/mumbai/32776326_1_gutka-and-pan-masala-magnesium-carbonate-fda-commissioner-mahesh-zagade. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ "Maharashtra bans gutka, paan m". The Times of India. 11 July 2012. https://archive.today/20130126081852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-11/mumbai/32631865_1_gutka-and-paan-masala-ban-maharashtra-government-today. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Deshpande, Swati (14 July 2012). "‘Current ban on stronger footing than in 2002’". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130126204343/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-14/mumbai/32674531_1_gutka-and-pan-masala-ban-sale-tobacco-and-nicotine. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Odisha rings in 2013 with gutka ban – The Times of India". indiatimes.com. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130108002322/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/bhubaneswar/36110984_1_fssai-regulation-gutka-ban-tobacco-and-nicotine. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017. "The state government on Tuesday announced a ban on the sale and manufacture of gutka and paan masala."
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "After HC order, UP to ban gutka from April 1 next year, 2013". The Times of India. 4 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130221011826/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/lucknow/34259483_1_ban-gutka-gutka-and-pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ "Uttarakhand gutka ban now from January 1". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 21 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054533/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/uttarakhand-gutka-ban-now-from-january-1/article4018117.ece%20/. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ "Finally, state orders ban on gutka". The Times of India. 25 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130618040620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-25/kolkata/38816134_1_pan-masala-gutka-10-tax-hike. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Chandramouli, Rajesh (14 September 2012). "Gutka ban loss could be Rs 1500 – Rs 2000 crores". The Times of India. https://archive.today/20130103131948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/chennai/33842950_1_gutka-ban-gutkha-tobacco. Retrieved on 12 جون 2017.
- ↑ چھالیہ تے گٹکا کھانے والے منہ دے کینسر وچ مبتلا ہوئے رہے نيں، ماہرین طب
بیرونی حوالے
[سودھو]- Javed F, Altamash M, Klinge B, Engström PE. (2008). Periodontal conditions and oral symptoms in gutka-chewers with and without type 2 diabetes. Acta Odontol Scand; 66(5):268-73.
- Javed F, Chotai M, Mehmood A, Almas K. Oral mucosal disorders associated with habitual gutka usage. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:857-64.
- Javed F, Bello Correa FO, Chotai M, Tappuni AR, Almas K. Systemic conditions associated with areca nut usage: A literature review. Scand J Public Health 2010; 38: 838–44.
باہرلے جوڑ
[سودھو]- Sweet but Deadly Addiction is Seizing the Young in India, نیو یارک ٹائمز, 13 August 2002
- Chewing tobacco cancer warning, BBC News, 26 July 1999
- Health: Children Buy Cancerous Sweets, BBC News, 3 March 1999
- Anti Gutkha Campaign Archived 2015-05-17 at the وے بیک مشین,Cancer Patients Aid Association