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ساہت دا نوبل انعام جیتو

جوڑ پایو
آزاد انسائیکلوپیڈیا، وکیپیڈیا توں
سویڈنی اکیڈمی دا سابقہ مستقل سیکٹری، ہوریس اینگڈاہل اعلان کہہ رہا اے ،کہ جے ایم جی لے کلیزیؤ2008 دا ساہت دا نوبل انعام جتیا اے۔

ساہت دا نوبل انعام (سویڈنی: Nobelpriset i litteratur)ساہت دے میدان وچ شاندار یوگدان لئی لکھاریاں نوں سویڈش اکیڈمی ولوں سلانہ انعام دتا جاندا اے۔ ایہہ ایلفریڈ نویل دی 1895 دی وصیت نال قائم پنج نوبل انعاماں وچوں اک اے، جو کہ کیمسٹری، فزکس، ساہت، امن، اتے فزیؤلوجی جاں دوائیاں وچ شاندار یوگدان لئی دتے جاندے ہن۔[۱] نوبل دی وصیت دے حکم مطابق اس انعام دا انتظام نوبل فاؤنڈیشن چلاؤندی، اے اتے سویڈش اکیڈمی ولوں چنی اک پنج میمبری کمیٹی اعزاز دندی اے۔[۲]ساہت وچ پہلا نوبل انعام 1901 وچ فرانس دے سلی پردھوم نوں دتا گیا سی۔[۳] ہریک جیتو نوں اک تمغہ، اک ڈپلوما اتے اک رقم ایوارڈ انعام حاصل ہندا اے جو کہ ویلے ویلے مختلف رہی اے۔[۴]1901 وچ، پرودھم نوں 150،782 سویڈنی کرونا حاصل ہویا، جو کہ جنوری 2018 وچ 8،823،637.78 سویڈنی کرونا دے برابر اے۔ ایہہ انعام 10 دسمبر نوں نوبل دی موت دی برسی موقعے اک سالانہ تقریب وچ سٹاکہوم وچ دتا جاندا اے۔[۵]

2017 دے مطابق، ساہت وچ نوبل انعام 114 لوکاں نوں دتا گیا اے۔ [۶]1958 وچ روس-جنمے بورس پاسترناک نوں سوویت یونین دی سرکار دے دباء ہیٹھ اوارڈ نوں ردّ کرن لئی مجبور کیتا گیا سی۔ 1964 وچ، ژاں پال سارتر نے کیہا سی کہ اوہ نوبل انعام ننیں لینا چاہندا،[۷] کیونکہ اسنے پچھلے لگاتار سارے سرکاری انغاماں نوں ردّ کر دتا سی۔[۸] حالانکہ نوبل کمیٹی انکاراں نوں قبول نہیں کردی، اتے پاشترناک اتے سارتر نوں نوبل انعام لین والیاں دی لسٹ وچ شامل رکھیا ہویا اے۔[۹]

چوداں عورتاں نے ساہت وچ نوبل انعام جتیا اے، جو نوبل امن انعام نوں چھڈّ دے کسے ہور نوبل انعام نالوں زیادہ اے۔ ۔[۱۰][۱۱]سارے سالاں وچ ساہت وچ نوبل انعام دتا گیا اے، صرف چار وار اجیہے موقعے آئے ہن جنہاں وچ دو بندےآں (1904، 1917، 1966، 1974) نوں انعام دتا گیا سی۔ ستّ سال اجیہے ہن، جنہاں وچ ساہت دا نوبل انعام (1914، 1918، 1935، 1940–1943) نہیں دتا گیا سی۔ ساہت وچ نوبل انعام دے سبھ توں ودھ حاصل کرن والے فرانس توں رہے ہن، جنہاں دی، کل گنتی 16 اے، اس توں بعد امریکہ اتے برطانیہ دے گیاراں گیاراں ہن۔

نوبل

[سودھو]
سال تصویر جیتو دیس بولی(اں) حوالہ Genre(s)
1901 سلی پردھوم سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance French "in special recognition of his poetic composition، which gives evidence of lofty idealism، artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"[۱۲] poetry، essay
1902 تھیؤڈوآ ممسین Germany German "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing، with special reference to his monumental work، A History of Rome"[۱۳] history، law
1903 فائل:Portrett av Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson، 1909 – no-nb digifoto 20150129 00043 bldsa BB0791.jpg بیورنسٹرن بیورنسن سانچہ:Country data Union between Sweden and NorwayNorway Norwegian "as a tribute to his noble، magnificent and versatile poetry، which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"[۱۴] poetry، novel، drama
1904 سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance Provenal "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production، which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people، and، in addition، his significant work as a Provenal philologist"[۱۵] poetry، philology
فائل:Jos Echegaray y Eizaguirre.jpg کھوتوں ایچیگرائے سانچہ:Country data Restoration (Spain)Spain Spanish "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which، in an individual and original manner، have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama" drama
1905 ہینرک سینکیئیوچ  پولینڈPoland

(born in Russian empire)

Polish "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"[۱۶] novel
1906 Giosu Carducci  ItalyItaly Italian "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research، but above all as a tribute to the creative energy، freshness of style، and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"[۱۷] poetry
1907 رڈوآرڈ کپلنگ سانچہ:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom English "in consideration of the power of observation، originality of imagination، virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration that characterize the creations of this world-famous author"[۱۸] novel، short story، poetry
1908 رڈولف کرسٹوف یوکین Germany German "in recognition of his earnest search for truth، his penetrating power of thought، his wide range of vision، and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"[۱۹] philosophy
1909 فائل:Selma Lagerlf.jpg سیلما لاگیرلوف  سویڈنSweden Swedish "in appreciation of the lofty idealism، vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[۲۰] novel، short story
1910 پال ہائز Germany German "as a tribute to the consummate artistry، permeated with idealism، which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet، dramatist، novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[۲۱] poetry، drama، novel، short story
1911 موہز میتیالنک  بیلجیمBelgium French "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities، and especially of his dramatic works، which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy، which reveals، sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale، a deep inspiration، while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"[۲۲] drama، poetry، essay
1912 گیرہارٹ ہوپٹمان Germany German "primarily in recognition of his fruitful، varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"[۲۳] drama، novel
1913 ربندرناتھ ٹیگور  India (formerly British Raj)India (formerly British Raj) Bengali and English "because of his profoundly sensitive، fresh and beautiful verse، by which، with consummate skill، he has made his poetic thought، expressed in his own English words، a part of the literature of the West"[۲۴] poetry، novel، drama، short story، music
1914 Not awarded
1915 روماں رولاں سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance French "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"[۲۵] novel
1916  سویڈنSweden Swedish "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"[۲۶] poetry، novel
1917 کارل ایڈولپھ گیلیروپ  ڈنمارکDenmark Danish "for his varied and rich poetry، which is inspired by lofty ideals"[۲۷] poetry
ہینرک پونٹوپدن  ڈنمارکDenmark Danish "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark" novel
1918 Not awarded
1919 کارل سپٹلر  سویٹزرلینڈSwitzerland German "in special appreciation of his epic، Olympian Spring"[۲۸] poetry
1920 Knut Hamsun  ناروےNorway Norwegian "for his monumental work، Growth of the Soil"[۲۹] novel
1921 اناطولے فرانس سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance French "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements، characterized as they are by a nobility of style، a profound human sympathy، grace، and a true Gallic temperament"[۳۰] novel، poetry
1922 کھاسنتو بناوینتے سانچہ:Country data Restoration (Spain)Spain Spanish "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"[۳۱] drama
1923 ولیئم بٹلر ییٹس سانچہ:Country data Irish Free StateIreland English "for his always inspired poetry، which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"[۳۲] poetry
1924 ولادیسلاو ریمونت سانچہ:Country data Second Polish RepublicPoland Polish "for his great national epic، The Peasants"[۳۳] novel
1925 فائل:Bernard-Shaw-ILN-1911-original.jpg جارج برنارڈ شاء  آئرلینڈIreland[۳۴] English "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity، its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"[۳۵] drama، literary criticism
1926 گراسیا دیلیدا  ItalyItaly Italian "for her idealistically inspired writings، which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[۳۶] poetry، novel
1927 ہینری برگسن سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance French "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[۳۷] philosophy
1928  ناروےNorway

(Born in Denmark)

Norwegian "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[۳۸] novel
1929 تھامس مان سانچہ:Country data Weimar RepublicGermany German "principally for his great novel، Buddenbrooks، which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"[۳۹] novel، short story، essay
1930 سنکلیئر لئیس  امریکہ English "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create، with wit and humour، new types of characters"[۴۰] novel، short story، drama
1931 ایرک ایکسل کارلپھیلڈٹ  سویڈنSweden Swedish "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"[۴۱] poetry
1932 جوہن گالجوردی  برطانیہ English "for his distinguished art of narration، which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga"[۴۲] novel
1933 اعوان بونن سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance

(Born in Russian Empire)

Russian "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"[۴۳] short story، poetry، novel
1934 لوئیجی پراندیلو  اٹلیItaly Italian "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"[۴۴] drama، novel، short story
1935 Not awarded
1936 یوجین اونیل  امریکہ English "for the power، honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works، which embody an original concept of tragedy"[۴۵] drama
1937 سانچہ:Country data French Third RepublicFrance French "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibault"[۴۶] novel
1938 فائل:Pearl Buck (Nobel)۔jpg پرل ایسّ بکّ  امریکہ English "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[۴۷] novel، biography
1939 فائل:FransEemilSillanp.jpg فرنس ایمیل سلمپا  فن لینڈFinland Finnish "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"[۴۸] novel
1940 Not awarded
1941 Not awarded
1942 Not awarded
1943 Not awarded
1944 جوہانس ولہیلم جینسن  ڈنمارکDenmark Danish "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold، freshly creative style"[۴۹] poetry
1945 گابریئیلا مسترال  چلیChile Spanish "for her lyric poetry، which inspired by powerful emotions، has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[۵۰] poetry
1946 حرمن ہیسّ  سویٹزرلینڈSwitzerland

(Born in Germany)

German "for his inspired writings، which while growing in boldness and penetration، exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"[۵۱] novel، poetry
1947 فائل:Andr Gide.jpg آندرے یید سانچہ:Country data French Fourth RepublicFrance French "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings، in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"[۵۲] novel، essay
1948 فائل:Thomas Stearns Eliot by Lady Ottoline Morrell (1934)۔jpg ٹی ایس ایلیئٹ  برطانیہ

(Born in the United States)

English "for his outstanding، pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"[۵۳] poetry
1949 فائل:Carl Van Vechten – William Faulkner.jpg ولیئم فاکنر  امریکہ English "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"[۵۴] novel، short story
1950 برٹرینڈ رسل  برطانیہ English "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"[۵۵] philosophy
1951 پار لاگیرکوسٹ  سویڈنSweden Swedish "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"[۵۶] poetry، novel، short story، drama
1952 فائل:Franois Mauriac (1932)۔jpg پھرانسوآ موریاک سانچہ:Country data French Fourth RepublicFrance French "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"[۵۷] novel، short story
1953 ونسٹن چرچل  برطانیہ English "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"[۵۸] history، essay، memoirs
1954 ارنیسٹ ہیمنگوے  امریکہ English "for his mastery of the art of narrative، most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea، and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"[۵۹] novel، short story، screenplay
1955 فائل:Halldr Kiljan Laxness 1955.jpg ہلڈور لیکسنس  آئس لینڈIceland Icelandic "for his vivid epic power، which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"[۶۰] novel، short story، drama، poetry
1956 خون رمن ہمینیز  سپینSpain Spanish "for his lyrical poetry، which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"[۶۱] poetry
1957 فائل:Albert Camus، gagnant de prix Nobel، portrait en buste، pos au bureau، faisant face gauche، cigarette de tabagisme.jpg البیر کامو سانچہ:Country data French Fourth RepublicFrance

(Born in French Algeria)

French "for his important literary production، which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"[۶۲] novel، short story، drama، philosophy، essay
1958 بورس پاسترناک  سوویت یونین Russian "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[۶۳] novel، poetry، translation
1959 سالواتورے کواسیمودو  اٹلیItaly Italian "for his lyrical poetry، which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"[۶۴] poetry
1960 سینٹ-جوہن پرس  فرانس

(Born in Guadeloupe)

French "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry، which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"[۶۵] poetry
1961 فائل:S. Kragujevic، Ivo Andric، 1961.jpg ایوو آندرچ  YugoslaviaYugoslavia

(Born in Austria-Hungary)

Serbo-Croatian[۶۶] "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"[۶۷] novel، short story
1962 جون سٹائینبیک  امریکہ English "for his realistic and imaginative writings، combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"[۶۸] novel، short story، screenplay
1963 جورگوس سیفیرس سانچہ:Country data Kingdom of GreeceGreece

(Born in the Ottoman Empire)

Greek "for his eminent lyrical writing، inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"[۶۹] poetry، essay، memoirs
1964 یاں پال سارتر  فرانس French "for his work، which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth، has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"[۷۰] novel، philosophy، drama، literary criticism، screenplay
1965 مکھائل شولوکھوو  سوویت یونین Russian "for the artistic power and integrity with which، in his epic of the Don، he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"[۷۱] novel
1966 شموئیل یوسف اگنون  اسرائیلIsrael

(Born in Austria-Hungary)

Hebrew "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[۷۲] novel، short story
نیلی ساکس  سویڈنSweden

(Born in Germany)

German "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing، which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength" poetry، drama
1967 مگوئیل اینپانی استوریئس  گواتیمالاGuatemala Spanish "for his vivid literary achievement، deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"[۷۳] novel، poetry
1968 یاسوعورت کاواباتا  جاپانJapan Japanese "for his narrative mastery، which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"[۷۴] novel، short story
1969 فائل:Samuel Beckett، f11.jpg سیموئل بیکٹ سانچہ:Country data Irish Free StateIreland English and French "for his writing، which – in new forms for the novel and drama – in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"[۷۵] novel، drama، poetry
1970 الیگزینڈر سولزینتسن  سوویت یونین Russian "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"[۷۶] novel
1971 پابلو نیرودا  چلیChile Spanish "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"[۷۷] poetry
1972 فائل:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F062164-0004، Bonn، Heinrich Bll.jpg ہائینرش بل سانچہ:Country data West GermanyWest Germany German "for his writing، which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"[۷۸] novel، short story
1973 پیٹرک وائیٹ  آسٹریلیاAustralia

(Born in the United Kingdom)

English "for an epic and psychological narrative art، which has introduced a new continent into literature"[۷۹] novel، short story، drama
1974 Eyvind Johnson  سویڈنSweden Swedish "for a narrative art، farseeing in lands and ages، in the service of freedom"[۸۰] novel
Harry Martinson  سویڈنSweden Swedish "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos" poetry، novel، drama
1975 Eugenio Montale  اٹلیItaly Italian "for his distinctive poetry، which، with great artistic sensitivity، has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"[۸۱] poetry
1976 77x77px Saul Bellow  امریکہ

(Born in Canada)

English "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"[۸۲] novel، short story
1977 Vicente Aleixandre  سپینSpain Spanish "for a creative poetic writing، which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society، at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"[۸۳] poetry
1978 فائل:Isaac Bashevis Singer (upright)۔jpg Isaac Bashevis Singer  امریکہ

(Born in Poland)

Yiddish "for his impassioned narrative art which، with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition، brings universal human conditions to life"[۸۴] novel، short story، memoirs
1979 Odysseas Elytis  یونانGreece Greek "for his poetry، which، against the background of Greek tradition، depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"[۸۵] poetry، essay
1980 فائل:Czesław Miłosz 2011(Lt، detail)۔jpg Czesław Miłosz  پولینڈPoland (born in Lithuania) Polish "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"[۸۶] poetry، essay
1981 Elias Canetti  برطانیہ

(Born in Bulgaria)

German "for writings marked by a broad outlook، a wealth of ideas and artistic power"[۸۷] novel، drama، memoirs، essay
1982 Gabriel Garca Mrquez  کولمبیاColombia Spanish "for his novels and short stories، in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination، reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"[۸۸] novel، short story، screenplay
1983 William Golding  برطانیہ English "for his novels، which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth، illuminate the human condition in the world of today"[۸۹] novel، poetry، drama
1984 فائل:Jaroslav Seifert 1981 foto Hana Hamplov.jpg Jaroslav Seifert  چیکوسلوواکیہCzechoslovakia

(Born in Austria-Hungary)

Czech "for his poetry، which endowed with freshness، and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"[۹۰] poetry
1985 Claude Simon  فرانس

(Born in French Madagascar)

French "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"[۹۱] novel
1986 فائل:Soyinka، Wole (1934)۔jpg Wole Soyinka  نائیجیریاNigeria English "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"[۹۲] drama، novel، poetry
1987 Joseph Brodsky  امریکہ

(Born in the Soviet Union)

Russian and English "for an all-embracing authorship، imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"[۹۳] poetry، essay
1988 Naguib Mahfouz  مصرEgypt Arabic "who، through works rich in nuance – now clear-sightedly realistic، now evocatively ambiguous – has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"[۹۴] novel
1989 فائل:Camilo Jos Cela Madrid 1996.jpg Camilo Jos Cela  سپینSpain Spanish "for a rich and intensive prose، which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"[۹۵] novel، short story
1990 فائل:Octavio Paz – 1988 Malm.jpg Octavio Paz  میکسیکوMexico Spanish "for impassioned writing with wide horizons، characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"[۹۶] poetry، essay
1991 Nadine Gordimer  دکھنی افریقہSouth Africa English "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity"[۹۷] novel، short story، essay
1992 Derek Walcott  سینٹ لوسیاSaint Lucia English "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity، sustained by a historical vision، the outcome of a multicultural commitment"[۹۸] poetry، drama
1993 Toni Morrison  امریکہ English "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import، gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[۹۹] novel
1994 Kenzaburō Ōe  جاپانJapan Japanese "who with poetic force creates an imagined world، where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"[۱۰۰] novel، short story
1995 Seamus Heaney  آئرلینڈIreland

(Born in Northern Ireland)

English "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth، which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"[۱۰۱] poetry
1996 فائل:Szymborska 2011 (1)۔jpg Wisława Szymborska  پولینڈPoland Polish "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"[۱۰۲] poetry
1997 Dario Fo  اٹلیItaly Italian "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"[۱۰۳] drama
1998 Jos Saramago  پرتگالPortugal Portuguese "who with parables sustained by imagination، compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality"[۱۰۴] novel، drama، poetry
1999 فائل:Gnter Grass auf dem Blauen Sofa.jpg Gnter Grass  جرمنیGermany German "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"[۱۰۵] novel، drama، poetry
2000 Gao Xingjian  فرانس (since 1998)

 چینChina (1940–1998)

Chinese "for an oeuvre of universal validity، bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity، which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"[۱۰۶] novel، drama، literary criticism
2001 V. S. Naipaul  برطانیہ

(Born in Trinidad & Tobago)

English "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"[۱۰۷] novel، essay
2002 فائل:Imre Kertsz (1929-) Hungarian writer II. by Csaba Segesvri.JPG Imre Kertsz  ہنگریHungary Hungarian "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"[۱۰۸] novel
2003 J. M. Coetzee  آسٹریلیاAustralia (Born in South Africa) English "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"[۱۰۹] novel، essay، translation
2004 Elfriede Jelinek  آسٹریاAustria German "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichs and their subjugating power"[۱۱۰] novel، drama
2005 Harold Pinter  برطانیہ English "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"[۱۱۱] drama، screenplay
2006 Orhan Pamuk  ترکیTurkey Turkish "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures"[۱۱۲] novel، screenplay، essay
2007 فائل:Doris lessing 20060312 (square)۔jpg Doris Lessing  برطانیہ

(Born in Iran)

English "that epicist of the female experience، who with scepticism، fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"[۱۱۳] novel، drama، poetry، short story، memoirs
2008 فائل:Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clzio-press conference Dec 06th، 2008-2.jpg J. M. G. Le Clzio  فرانس

 موریشسMauritius

French "author of new departures، poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy، explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"[۱۱۴] novel، short story، essay، translation
2009 فائل:Herta Mller 1.jpg Herta Mller  جرمنیGermany

(Born in Romania)

German "who، with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose، depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"[۱۱۵] novel، poetry
2010 Mario Vargas Llosa  پیروPeru

 سپینSpain

Spanish "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance، revolt، and defeat"[۱۱۶] novel، short story، essay، drama، memoirs
2011 Tomas Transtrmer  سویڈنSweden Swedish "because، through his condensed، translucent images، he gives us fresh access to reality"[۱۱۷] poetry، translation
2012 Mo Yan  چینChina Chinese "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales، history and the contemporary"[۱۱۸] novel، short story
2013 Alice Munro  کینیڈاCanada English "master of the contemporary short story"[۱۱۹] short story
2014 فائل:Patrick Modiano 6 dec 2014 – 22.jpg Patrick Modiano  فرانس French "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"[۱۲۰] novel
2015 Svetlana Alexievich  بیلاروسBelarus

(Born in the Soviet Union)

Russian "for her polyphonic writings، a monument to suffering and courage in our time" [۱۲۱] history، essay
2016 فائل:Bob Dylan – Azkena Rock Festival 2010 2.jpg Bob Dylan  امریکہ English "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"[۱۲۲] poetry، songwriting
2017 Kazuo Ishiguro  برطانیہ (born in Japan) English "who، in novels of great emotional force، has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world"[۱۲۳] novel

حوالے

[سودھو]
  1. ↑ «Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۶.
  2. ↑ «The Nobel Prize Awarders». Nobel Foundation. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۵. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۶.
  3. ↑ "Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature | Nobel Prize in Literature" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Winners-of-the-Nobel-Prize-for-Literature-1856938. 
  4. ↑ «The Nobel Prize». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۰۷.
  5. ↑ «The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies». Nobel Foundation. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰۰۸-۰۸-۲۲. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۶.
  6. ↑ «All Nobel Laureates in Literature». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۶.
  7. ↑ Flood, Alison (2015-01-05). "Jean-Paul Sartre rejected Nobel prize in a letter to jury that arrived too late" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/05/sartre-nobel-prize-literature-letter-swedish-academy. 
  8. ↑ «Nobel Laureates Facts». Nobel Foundation. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰۰۷-۰۲-۰۲. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۶.
  9. ↑ "Bob Dylan removes mention of Nobel prize from website". The Guardian. 2016-10-21. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/oct/21/bob-dylan-unacknowledges-nobel-prize-literature-win-removed-website. 
  10. ↑ «Women Nobel Laureates». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۶.
  11. ↑ "Nobel Prize winners: How many women have won awards؟" (in en). Telegraph.co.uk. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/11922707/Nobel-Prize-winners-How-many-women-have-won-awards.html. 
  12. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1901». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  13. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1902». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  14. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1903». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  15. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1904». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  16. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1905». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  17. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1906». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  18. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1907». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  19. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1908». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  20. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1909». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  21. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1910». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  22. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1911». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  23. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1912». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  24. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1913». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  25. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1915». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  26. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1916». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  27. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1917». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  28. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1919». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  29. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1920». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  30. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1921». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  31. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1922». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  32. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1923». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  33. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1924». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  34. ↑ "George Bernard Shaw | Irish dramatist and critic" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Bernard-Shaw. 
  35. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1925». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  36. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1926». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  37. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1927». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  38. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1928». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  39. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1929». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  40. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1930». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  41. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1931». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  42. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1932». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  43. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1933». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  44. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1934». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  45. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1936». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  46. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1937». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  47. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1938». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  48. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1939». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  49. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1944». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  50. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1945». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  51. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1946». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  52. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1947». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  53. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1948». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  54. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1949». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  55. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1950». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  56. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1951». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  57. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1952». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  58. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1953». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  59. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1954». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  60. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1955». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  61. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1956». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  62. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1957». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  63. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1958». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  64. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1959». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  65. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1960». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  66. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1961». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۳-۰۷-۰۹.
  67. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1961». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  68. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1962». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  69. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1963». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  70. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1964». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  71. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1965». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  72. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1966». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  73. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1967». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  74. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1968». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  75. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1969». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  76. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1970». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  77. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1971». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  78. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1972». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  79. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1973». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  80. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1974». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  81. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1975». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  82. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1976». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  83. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1977». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  84. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1978». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  85. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1979». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  86. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1980». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  87. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1981». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  88. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1982». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  89. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1983». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  90. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1984». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  91. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1985». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  92. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1986». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  93. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1987». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  94. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1988». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  95. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1989». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  96. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1990». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  97. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1991». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  98. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1992». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  99. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1993». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  100. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1994». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  101. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1995». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  102. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1996». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  103. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1997». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  104. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1998». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  105. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 1999». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  106. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2000». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  107. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2001». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  108. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2002». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  109. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2003». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  110. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2004». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  111. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2005». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  112. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2006». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  113. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2007». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۱۰-۱۷.
  114. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2008». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 14 اکتوبر 2008. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  115. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2009». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 8 اکتوبر 2009. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  116. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2010». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 7 اکتوبر 2010. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  117. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2011». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 6 اکتوبر 2011. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  118. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2012». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 11 اکتوبر 2012. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  119. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2013». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 27 جنوری 2013. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  120. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2014». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 24 دسمبر 2014. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  121. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2015». Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 8 اکتوبر 2015. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  122. ↑ «Nobel Prize in Literature 2016» (PDF). Nobel Foundation. دریافت‌شده در 13 اکتوبر 2016. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
  123. ↑ «The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 – Press Release». Nobel Prize. دریافت‌شده در 5 اکتوبر 2017. تاریخ وارد شده در |access-date= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
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